东海岛北寮高位虾池养殖过程细菌数量变化及其对抗生素的耐药性  

Variations in bacterial densities during culture and bacterial resistances to antibiotics in the exalted shrimp ponds at Beiliao village,on Donghai island,Zhanjiang

作　　者：李琴[1] 贺艳艳[1] 张瑜斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学海洋资源与环境监测中心,广东湛江524088

出　　处：《暨南大学学报（自然科学与医学版）》2015年第1期11-20,共10页Journal of Jinan University(Natural Science & Medicine Edition)

基　　金：国家海洋公益性行业科研专项(201305021);广东省教育厅科技创新项目(2013KJCX0095);广东省科技计划项目(2013B020309011)

摘　　要：采用平板计数法研究了湛江东海岛北寮村3个高位虾池养殖过程水体和沉积物的可培养细菌与弧菌(Vibrio)的数量变化,并利用纸片扩散法测定了分离自虾场环境细菌对12种抗生素的耐药性.结果表明,调查的养殖过程中,2个虾池水体细菌与弧菌数量变化呈单峰趋势,9月份达到峰值;虾池沉积物以及水源地中细菌与弧菌数量变化无明显的规律.BL1样池沉积物细菌和弧菌数均与氨氮呈显著正相关(p<0.05),水中的弧菌数与硝酸盐氮呈显著正相关(p<0.05);虾池细菌、弧菌数与多数调查的生态因子之间相关性不显著(p>0.05).虾场环境细菌的抗生素耐药性测定结果显示,分离菌株对12种抗生素的耐药性差异显著(p<0.05),细菌对氨苄青霉素耐药性最高,在对照水源地沉积物中高达80.65%,其次为先锋Ⅴ和甲氧苄胺嘧啶,而对左氟沙星、环丙沙星、多黏菌素B均敏感;样地水体和沉积物细菌对抗生素表现出相似的耐药性谱,两者的细菌耐药性呈显著正相关(p<0.05);养殖虾池与对照水源地的细菌耐药性差异不显著(p>0.05);对照水源地BL4沉积物中细菌耐药性显著高于水体(p<0.05);3个样地细菌对抗生素均表现出较高的多重耐药性(MAR).sediment in the shrimp ponds and corresponding water source site.At BL1,the bacteria and vibrio densi-ties showed a significantly positive correlation with the concentration of NH ＋4 -N in sediment （p 〈0.05）,while the vibrio densities were significantly positive correlated to the concentration of NO3 -N in water （p 〈0.05）.No significant correlation was discovered between the densities of bacteria and vibrio and other selected ecological factors（p 〉0.05）in the shrimp ponds.The significant differences in bacte-rial resistances were found among the 12 different antibiotics （p 〈0.05）,with the highest resistance to ampicillin （reaching 80.65%in sediment at corresponding water source site BL4）,followed by cefazolin and trimethoprim in turn,while the bacterial strains were highly sensitive to the levofloxacin,ciprofloxa-cin and polymyxin B.The similar profile of percentage of antibiotic-resistance were observed between bacteria isolated from water samples and those from sediment ones,and a significantly positive correlation of antibiotic-resistance of bacteria was present between them （p 〈0.05 ）.No significant difference in bacterial resistance was found between the exalted shrimp ponds and corresponding water source site （p 〉0.05）,although antibiotic resistance of bacteria was significantly higher in sediment than in water at the BL4 （corresponding water source site）（p 〈0.05）.All bacteria isolated from three sampling sites re-vealed the high percentages of multiple antibiotic resistance （MAR）.

关 键 词：虾池 细菌 丰度 抗生素 耐药性 

分 类 号：S917.1[农业科学—水产科学] X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]