夏炎与传真技术在中国的传播  

XIA Yan and the spread of fax technology in China

作　　者：王沛[1,2] 姚远[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学数学与科学史研究中心,陕西西安710127 [2]西安邮电大学研究生院,陕西西安710121

出　　处：《西北大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第1期152-158,共7页Journal of Northwest University（Natural Science Edition）

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基金重点项目(2010JM9009)

摘　　要：基于晚清和民国时期的原始文献考证,将世界传真技术的发明分为以接触式扫描为特征的第一个发展阶段(1843—1902)和以硒光电管发报、以照相记录法收报为特征的第二个发展阶段(1902—1948)。在中国以清同治五年(1866)斌椿(1804—1871)、张德彝(1847—1918)的传真概念引入,以及《知新报》和《万国公报》的初步介绍为第一个发展阶段;以黄涓生(1894—1990)、倪尚达(1898—1988)、夏炎(?—?)等于1922—1927年间深入介绍传真机的结构、功能,并创办中国第一家传真电报公司为标志,进入第二个发展阶段。结论认为,传真技术的引进是西方前沿技术发展与传入中国大致同步的最为典型的案例之一,夏炎是这一历史进程中最为关键的人物。夏炎通过创办前沿技术企业的形式,使其在中国生根,形成了引进西方先进科技的一个成功典范。Based on the original literature in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China, the invention of world fax technology can be divided into two stages. The first stage is characterized by contact scanning （1843-1902）, and the second stage is characterized by using the selenium cell in transmitting terminal and the photographic record in receiving terminal（ 1902-1948 ）. In China, the first stage of fax technology devel- opment includes the concept introduction by Bin Chun （1804-1871）, Zhang Deyi （1847-1918） in 1866 , and the preliminary introductions by journal of The Reformer China and Wan Kwoh Kung Pao ; From year 1922 to 1927, Huang Juansheng （1894-1990）, Ni Shangda （1898-1988）, Xia Yan（ ？ -？） made some detailed introductions about the structure, function of the fax machine, and established the first facsimile telegraph company in China, which is a symbol of entrance of the second stage. The application of fax technology in China is one of the most typical case that the introduction of advanced technology to China approximately synchronizes with the development of it in the western countries, and Xia Yan is the key figure in this histori- cal process. His introduction of the fax technology into China by establishment of modem enterprises has made a successful example of introducting the western advanced science and technology.

关 键 词：夏炎(?-?) 传真技术 发展阶段 传真机 传播 传真技术史 

分 类 号：N91[自然科学总论]