干热风天气对冬小麦生理的影响  

Dry-hot wind effects on physiology of winter wheat

作　　者：张志红[1,2] 成林[1,2] 李书岭 彭记永[2] 方文松[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室,郑州450003 [2]河南省气象科学研究所,郑州450003 [3]郑州市气象局,郑州450005

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第3期712-717,共6页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国气象局/河南省农业气象保障与应用技术重点开放实验室开放基金项目(AMF201209);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD32B01)资助

摘　　要：通过开展干热风气象条件人工模拟,分别在冬小麦灌浆前期和中期进行重度、轻度及无干热风的平行对比试验。结果表明：干热风对冬小麦生理机能的危害为灌浆中期〉灌浆前期,重度干热风〉轻度干热风;灌浆中期重度干热风灾害后第2天,小麦旗叶净光合速率（Pn）降低了19.4%~36.6%,蒸腾速率（Tr）降低44.1%~58.0%,气孔导度（Co）降低24.3%~41.7%;其次为灌浆中期轻度干热风,上述各项指标分别减少9.7%~20.2%、28.2%~34.0%和19.9%~31.8%;小麦叶绿素含量（SPAD）和根系伤流量（Gn）也在灌浆中期重度灾害胁迫下降低程度最大,灌浆前期轻度干热风对小麦的胁迫作用不明显;灌浆前期遇干热风天气小麦净光合速率（Pn）和SPAD可在一定程度内修复,其他大部分时段受损的生理机能不可修复。在气孔导度Co〉0.1 mmol·m-2·s-1条件下,干热风灾害对Tr的胁迫程度大于Pn。Weather conditions of dry-hot wind were simulated by artificial control to compare the effects of heavy and light degree of dry-hot wind on winter wheat physiology in field at early and middle grain filling stages. The results showed that the dry-hot wind at middle stage of grain fill- ing had more negative effects than at early stage of grain filling, and the heavy-grade dry-hot wind harmed more than the light-grade one. On the 2nd day after heavy dry-hot wind occurred at mid- dle stage of grain filling, the photosynthetic rate （P,）, transpiration rate （ Tr） and stomatal con- ductance （Co） of flag leaf decreased by 19.4% to 36.6%, 44.1% to 58.0%, and 24.3% to 41.7%, respectively. For light dry-hot wind, the above index decreased by 9.7% to 20.2%, 28.2% to 34.0%, and 19.9% to 31.8%, respectively. The decreased percentage of SPAD and root flux activity （Gn） also reached the maximum with the heavy-grade dry-hot wind at middle stage of grain filling. There was no obvious stressed effect on winter wheat for light-grade dry-hot wind at early stage of grain filling. At early stage of grain filling, P, and SPAD of flag leaf could repair to a certain extent after dry-hot wind weather, but the damaged physiological indexes could not be repaired when the dry-hot wind occurred at other stages. Under the condition of CO 〉0.1 mmol · m-2 · s-1, the stressed effects on Tr were more than on Pn.

关 键 词：干热风 灌浆期 光合速率 气孔导度 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]