应用GIS和最大熵模型分析秦岭冷杉潜在地理分布  

Using GIS and Max Ent to analyze the potential distribution of Abies chensiensis

作　　者：高蓓[1,2] 卫海燕[1] 郭彦龙[1] 顾蔚[3] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学旅游与环境学院,西安710062 [2]陕西省农业遥感信息中心,西安710015 [3]陕西师范大学生命科学学院,西安710062

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2015年第3期843-852,共10页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070293);国家"十一五"科技支撑计划项目(2006BAI06A13-06)资助

摘　　要：秦岭冷杉(Abies chensiensis)为松科常绿针叶乔木,属国家濒危野生物种。本文利用获取的秦岭冷杉地理分布记录和14个气候指标、3个土壤指标和3个地形指标,通过最大熵模型(Max Ent)和Arc GIS空间分析构建秦岭冷杉潜在分布区。结果表明,影响秦岭冷杉潜在生境适宜性的主要环境指标为6个气候指标(年平均气温、年极端最高气温、1月平均气温、≥0℃积温、年干燥度指数和年日照时数)、1个土壤指标(p H)和1个地形指标(海拔)。研究区秦岭冷杉生长的最适宜区面积为19498.87 km2,适宜区面积为32219.61 km2,边缘适宜区面积为51874.76 km2,不适宜区面积为106307.97 km2,秦岭冷杉适宜生长区域狭窄,其中最适宜区和适宜区主要集中在甘肃东南部、陕西中南部、四川东北部,湖北西北部和河南西北部,适宜区内次生植被丰富、地形复杂。研究表明,基于最大熵模型与GIS空间分析构建的秦岭冷杉潜在地理分布,可以对我国秦岭冷杉适宜生长区做出科学的区划,为秦岭冷杉资源的保护和管理提供科学依据。Abies chensiensis is listed as a national third-class endangered wildlife species. It is one of the evergreen coniferous trees that are distributed primarily in Qinling Mountain across a range of elevations extending from 1350 m to 2500 m. Using the current geographic distribution records of A. chensiensis in Qinling Mountains and 20 factors, including 14 climate factors, 3 soil factors and 3 topographic factors, the potential geographic distribution of A. chensiensis in Qinling Mountains was assessed by MaxEnt model and ArcGIS spatial analysis. Results showed that the major factors impacting the suitable distribution area of A. chensiensis included 6 climate factors （annual mean temperature, annual extreme highest temperature, average temperature in January, 〉t 0 ~C accumulated temperature, aridity index and annual sunshine duration）, 1 soil factor （ soil pH） and 1 terrain factor （elevation）. The most suitable and suitable areas of A. chensiensis in Qinling Mountains were 19498.87 and 32219.61 km2, respectively, and were mainly concentrat- ed in southeastern Gansu, central and southern Shaanxi, northeastern Sichuan, northwestern Hu- bei and northwestern Henan. With complex terrain, there were lots of secondary vegetations in these areas. The marginally suitable and unsuitable areas of A. chensiensis were 51874.76 and 106307.97 km2, respectively. This study showed that the maximum entropy model and ArcGIS spatial analysis could be used to regionalize the potential geographic distribution of A. chensiensis, providing information for the resource conservation and management of A. chensiensis.

关 键 词：秦岭冷杉 最大熵模型 ARCGIS 潜在地理分布 

分 类 号：S791.14[农业科学—林木遗传育种]