乡村旅游社会-生态系统脆弱性及影响机理——基于秦岭景区农户调查数据的分析  

Vulnerability and Influence Mechanisms of Rural Tourism Socio-ecological Systems:A Household Survey in China's Qinling Mountain Area

作　　者：陈佳[1] 杨新军[1] 王子侨 张立新[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北大学城市与环境学院,陕西西安710127 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2015年第3期64-75,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目"旅游社会-生态系统脆弱性及其适应演化机制研究"(41171127);西北大学研究生创新项目"乡村旅游社会-生态系统脆弱性及其调控机制"(YZZ13005)资助~~

摘　　要：脆弱性及其评估框架为旅游地社会-生态系统研究提供了一个新的视角。文章借鉴社会-生态系统及其脆弱性相关理论,探索在旅游发展背景下秦岭山区乡村人地关系的测度与解释。从敏感性和适应能力结合的角度出发,构建评价指标体系,通过农户参与式问卷调查与实地调研,在农户生计分类的基础上,测度以农户为基础的局地社会生态系统脆弱度,厘清不同类型农户和景区脆弱性的影响机理。以农户适应性为切入点,提出实践对策与建议,为相关部门决策提供依据。研究表明:(1)以旅游生计和综合生计型为主的农户较传统生计型(务工/农)农户脆弱性降低。局域脆弱性空间差异不大,但结构性差异显著,其中,社区共管类景区脆弱性明显较其他景区低。(2)人均拥有耕地面积、家庭物质资产种类、旅游收入、贷款资助机会、区域优势度、技能培训等成为影响农户脆弱性的关键因素。(3)自然资本缺失、适应力资本分异、企业经济理性主导的旅游开发模式进一步增加了人地系统脆弱性,而农户认知、社会资本建设以及社区共管模式有利于提升系统应对风险能力,减缓或降低系统脆弱性。Vulnerability and its associated assessment framework provide a new perspective for the study of social- ecological systems（SESs） in tourist destinations. Based on an SESs and on vulnerability and its related theory, this paper explores the human- land relationship vulnerability of villages in the Qinling mountain area in southern Shaanxi Province, China under the condition of tourism development. A vulnerability evaluation index to assess tourism social- ecological systems（TSESs） from the perspective of sensitivity and adaptive capacity is constructed. Study data were collected by household investigation and authority interview. On the basis of household livelihood and scenic spot classifications, this paper measures the vulnerability of local SESs and analyzes both the determinants and the mechanisms of the vulnerability. This paper takes the adaptability of households as the breakthrough point and suggests a proposal for providing the basis for decision making of the related departments. The study reveals several important results. 1） The vulnerability of households that base their livelihoods on either tourism or that have an integrated livelihood is lower than that of the traditional household（worker/farmer）. There is a small local vulnerability spatial difference;however, the structural differences are notable and there is a class scenic condominium community vulnerability that is significantly lower than in other scenic spots. 2） The key factors influencing vulnerability include： the per capita arable land, the number of household material assets, tourism revenue, funding opportunities, regional dominance and skills training. 3） The factors that further increase the system vulnerability include a lack of natural capital, adaptive capacity capital differences,and a corporate- led economic rationality tourism development model. However, the household cognitive,social capital and community co- management factors enhance the ability of the system to cope with risks and reduce system vulnera

关 键 词：旅游 社会-生态系统 脆弱性 农户 回归分析 

分 类 号：F592.7[经济管理—旅游管理] F327[经济管理—产业经济]