氮密交互对大豆干物质在冠层中分布的影响  

Effects of N and Density Interaction on Dry Matter Distribution in Canopies in Soybean

作　　者：吴琼[1] 孙磊[1] 刘元英[1] 张明聪[1] 孙文相[1] 赵晶[1] 王丽娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学资源与环境学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《大豆科学》2015年第1期46-51,共6页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划(2013BAD20B04)

摘　　要：以东农52大豆为试材,采用裂区设计,设置3个密度（20万,25万,30万株·hm^-2）和3种施氮方式（基肥施N 60 kg·hm^-2;基肥施N 18 kg·hm^-2＋R3/R4追N 42 kg·hm^-2）,研究氮密交互对R4期后大豆叶片、叶柄和荚果干物重在冠层中分布以及不同粒数荚在冠层中分布的影响。结果表明：R6期前,中冠层各器官干重随密度的升高而升高,而到R7期,25万株·hm^-2处理上、中冠层各器官干物重显著高于30万株·hm^-2的处理,从R5期开始,启动氮加追氮处理上、中冠层各器官干重显著高于氮肥一次性施用,且R4期追氮优于R3期追氮;R8期,25万株·hm^-2密度的上冠层荚果干重R4期追氮处理较氮作基肥一次性施用高15.2%（P〈0.05）。上、中冠层≤2粒荚数在密度为30万株·hm^-2时最高;而3、4粒荚数在密度为25万株·hm-2时达最大值;启动氮＋R4期追氮显著提高了上、中冠层3、4粒荚数。综上得出,25万株·hm^-2密度下启动氮＋R4期追氮处理能显著提高R6期后上、中冠层各器官干重以及3、4粒荚数,产量较其他处理增加10.8%-36.5%（P〈0.05）。A split-plot designed field experiment with three densities（ 200 000,250 000 and 300 000 plants·ha^-1） and three N treatments（ basal fertilizer N 60 kg·ha^-1; N 18 kg·ha^-1as basal fertilizer plus N 42 kg·ha^-1as topdressing at stage R3 /R4） using soybean cultivar Dongnong 52 was conducted to study the effects of starter-N plus top-dressing N on dry matter distribution in leaves,petioles and pods in different canopies under different densities. Results showed that dry matter weight of different organs in middle canopy increased with increment of density at stage R6. At stage R7,dry matter weight of different organs in upper / middle canopy under the density of 250 000 plants·ha^-1was significantly higher than the statistics for 300000 plants·ha^-1. Different organs dry matter weight in upper / middle canopy after R5 of starter-N plus top-dressing N were significantly higher than those of using N only as basal fertilizer under the same density. Besides,top-dressing N at stage R4 was better than at stage R3. At stage R8,seed dry matter weight in upper canopy of starter-N plus top-dressing N at R4 was15. 2% higher than using N only as basal fertilizer（ P〈0. 05） under the density of 250 000 plants·ha^-1. The number of ≤2-seeded pods in upper / middle canopy reached a maximum under the density of 300 000 plants·ha^-1,while the best density for 3 /4-seeded pods was 250 000 plants·ha^-1; starter-N plus top-dressing N increased the number of 3 /4-seeded pods. In summary,starter-N plus top-dressing N at R4 under the density of 250 000 plants·ha^-1increased the dry matter weight of organs in upper / middle canopy after R6 and the number of 3 /4-seeded pods,and yield under this condition was 10. 8%-36. 5% higher than other treatments（ P〈0. 05）.

关 键 词：大豆 氮密交互 冠层 干物质积累 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]