洋山深水港区海域秋、冬季沉积物中重金属来源分析及生态风险评价  

Source analysis and ecological risk assessment on heavy metals in the sediments of the Yangshan Deepwater Harbor in autumn and winter

作　　者：叶然[1] 江再昌 郭清荣 沈继平[1] 毛伟宏[1] 吴光荣[1] 蔡燕红[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局宁波海洋环境监测中心站,浙江宁波315012

出　　处：《海洋通报》2015年第1期76-82,共7页Marine Science Bulletin

基　　金：2012年上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(12230203402)

摘　　要：通过测定洋山深水港区海域2010-2013年6个航次秋、冬季沉积物中重金属含量,分析其时空差异,结果表明该海域沉积物重金属总体含量较低,空间分布较为均匀,Hg、Zn、Pb、Cd含量秋季明显高于冬季,As、Cu含量的季节性波动较小。用因子分析法研究该海域重金属来源,发现陆源工业、船舶航运排污以及有机质降解是研究海域Pb、Cd、Zn的主要来源;农业污染、码头货物装卸残留及建筑垃圾支配着Cu、As、Hg的来源。基于平均沉积物质量基准系数法(SQG-Q)的生态风险评价结果表明研究海域沉积物中重金属均存在中、低度的生态风险,秋季的生态风险高于冬季,Hg和Cu是主要生态风险因子;地累积指数法评价结果显示研究海域基本不受Hg、As、Zn、Pb的污染;Cd、Cu以轻度污染为主,部分站位属于偏中度污染,6种重金属污染程度依次为:Cd>Cu>Pb>Zn>Hg>As。因子综合得分评价表明,重金属污染相对严重的站位依次为5号、4号及3号站位。但总体看来,洋山深水港区附近海域沉积物中重金属污染状况属于轻度污染。Temporal and spatial variations of concentrations for heavy metals including mercury（Hg）, zinc（Zn）, lead（Pb）,arsenic（As）, copper（Cu）, and cadmium（Cd） in the sediments of Yangshan Deepwater Harbor were determined based on 6cruises in autumns and winters, respectively, from 2010 to 2013.The results demonstrated that the overall concentrations of heavy metals were low and distributing in uniform patterns. Concentrations of Hg, Zn, Pb, and Cd in autumns were significantly higher than that in winter, with smooth fluctuations for As and Cu in terms of seasonal variations. Results of factor analysis showed that Pb, Cd, and Zn derived from inland industrial and shipping discharges as well as the degradation of organic pollutants in marine environment. While agricultural pollutions, cargo shifting and construction debris from reclamation projects contributed to the source of Cu, As, and Hg. Ecological risk assessment by Mean Sediment Quality Guideline Quotient（SQG-Q） revealed that the degree for eco-risk of the sediments were low-and-moderate in autumns, higher than that in winters. Hg and Cu were the dominant eco-risk factors. The results of Index of geoaccumulation（Igeo） showed that the whole sites of the sea area were barely influenced by Hg, As, Zn, and Pb, the extents of Cd and Cu contaminations were in low grade. Contamination degree of all the six heavy metals could be ranked as the following： Cd Pb Zn Hg As. According to the results of integrated score of factor analysis, heavy metal contamination in the study area were in low grade, Station 5, 4 and 3 showed relatively heavy contamination compared with other stations.

关 键 词：洋山深水港 沉积物 重金属 生态风险 污染程度 

分 类 号：P776[天文地球—海洋科学]