器官捐赠干预对社区居民器官捐赠知识及态度影响的分析  

Effective analysis of organ donation intervention in community residents

作　　者：张自珍[1] 黄芬[2] 钱坤[3] 

机构地区：[1]湖南环境生物职业技术学院护理学院人文护理教研室,衡阳421001 [2]湖南环境生物职业技术学院护理学院基础护理教研室,衡阳421001 [3]南华大学附属第二医院肾移植科

出　　处：《中国实用护理杂志》2015年第3期202-205,共4页Chinese Journal of Practical Nursing

摘　　要：目的探讨器官捐赠干预对社区居民器官捐赠知识、态度、意愿的影响，并分析促进器官捐赠的因素，为提高器官捐赠率提供参考依据。方法随机抽取湖南省衡阳市354名社区居民系统宣教器官捐赠的知识及意义。比较干预前后器官捐赠知识、态度、意愿评分及活体器官（骨髓、肾脏）捐献意愿率和对亲人器官捐赠的支持情况，调查有助于提高器官捐赠率的因素。结果与干预前比较，社区居民干预后器官捐赠知识与意愿评分（￡值分别为4．46和5．13）、骨髓捐献意愿率（X^2值为9．27）、支持亲人器官捐赠的比例增加（X^2值为10．74）。在提高器官捐赠率的因素方面，社区居民认为经济补偿（43．68％）、器官分配公平（23．85％）、完善器官捐赠制度（11．21％）最重要。结论器官捐赠干预能明显改善社区居民的器官捐赠知识、态度、意愿，给予一定的经济补偿、保障器官分配公平以及完善器官捐赠制度可能是缓解目前器官短缺困境的关键措施。Objective We tried to explore the effects of organ donation intervention on organ dona- tion knowledge, attitude and willingness of community residents and analyze its promotive factors, thereby to provide valuable basis to increase organ donation rate. Methods 354 community residents in Hengyang city of Hunan province were randomly collected and received organ donation intervention. The scores of organ donation knowledge, attitude and willingness, living organ （bone marrow and kidney） donation will- ingness rate, and supporting relative organ donation status were compared before and after intervention. We also investigated the factors that could enhance organ donation. Results In comparison with before intervention, organ donation knowledge and willingness scores（t value was 4.46 and 5.13）, bone marrow donation willingness rate（X^2 value was 9.27） and supporting relative organ donation pmportion（X^2 value was 10.74） were increased, but organ donation attitude score was decreased in community residents. However, organ donation intervention had no effect on kidney donation willingness rate. Community residents recognized that economic compensation （43.68%）, organ distributing fair （23.85%） and consummate organ donation regime （11.21% ） were the most important to facilitate organ donation. Conclusions Organ donation intervention can notably improve organ donation knowledge, attitude and willingness of community residents. Moreover, giving determinate economic compensation, ensuring organ distributing fair and ameliorating organ donation regime may play key roles in re- lieving current organ shortage crisis.

关 键 词：社区居民 器官捐赠 干预 知识 态度 意愿 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]