太湖岸带湿地土壤动物群落结构与多样性  

Community structure and diversity of soil animals in the Lake Taihu lakeshore wetland

作　　者：李伟[1,2] 崔丽娟 赵欣胜[1,2] 张曼胤[1,2] 高常军[1,2] 张岩[1,2] 王义飞[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京100091 [2]湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京100091

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第4期944-955,共12页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项"太湖流域湿地生态系统功能作用机理及调控与恢复技术研究"(200904001)

摘　　要：土壤动物是湿地生态系统物质循环和能量流动的关键环节,也是湿地生态系统演化的重要驱动因子。2010年4月—2011年2月研究了太湖岸带湿地4种生境类型(A酸模岸带、B乔灌岸带、C农作物岸带、D天然芦苇岸带)中的土壤动物群落结构和多样性。4次调查共分离到土壤动物3575只,隶属4门12纲,共有105类,土壤动物群落密度达到2794.49—67766.39个/m2。在大类群中,节肢动物门(Arthropoda)为优势类群,占总个体数的55.75%,其次为线虫动物门(Nematoda),占总个体数的36.27%;节肢动物门和线虫动物门构成了该区土壤动物的主体,对土壤动物群落特征起着决定性作用。土壤动物群落各多样性指数的季节变化动态不同,Pielou均匀度的方差分析表明:2010年4月份类型A与类型C之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05);而Shannon多样性方差分析表明:2011年2月份类型A与C、D存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。土壤动物的整体数量表现为2010年4月>2010年11月>2010年8月>2011年2月。Sorensen和Morisita-Horn相似性分析说明不同生境类型对土壤动物物种丰度产生了不同的影响。太湖岸带湿地土壤动物个体数量在垂直分布上均有一定的表聚性,但不同季节表聚性程度不同。研究结果可为太湖岸带湿地的健康评价及科学管理提供理论依据。Soil animals, a crucial part of wetland ecosystems, play an important role in nutrient cycling and energy flow and are also an important driver of wetland ecosystem succession. Research related to the diversity of soil animals is an important part of the study of soil biodiversity. Knowledge of the temporal variability of soil animal populations and species is crucial to the understanding of soil community dynamics and food webs. Lake Taihu, a shallow freshwater lake located in eastern China on the border of Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, was studied to document the composition, diversity, and seasonal variations of soil animal communities in a lakeshore wetland. Soil animal community structure and diversity were analyzed in four different types of lakeshore habitat： A, Rurnex acetosa lakeshore; B, tree and shrub lakeshore; C, crop lakeshore; D, natural reed lakeshore. Tullgren and Baermann＇s methods were used to extract 3575 soil fauna individuals （ind） which were classified into four phyla, twelve classes, and 105 taxonomic groups. The density of soil animal communities was 2794.49- 67766.39 ind/m2. Species in the phyla Arthropoda （55.75%） and Nematoda （36.27%） constituted the main body of thesoil fauna. The proportion of animals in different groups varied widely from one community to another： for example, in the phylum Arthropoda, Insecta, Collembola and Arachnida accounted for 22.74%, 16.92% and 8.85% of the individuals in the soil fauna community, respectively. A test of the differences in population density of soil animal communities in different habitats indicated habitat types C and A were significantly different from habitat B （F=4.319, P 〈 0. 05） in April 2010. In August and November 2010, the density of these communities was significantly lower in habitat A than in the other three types （F= 4.331 ; F= 6.555, P 〈 0. 05）. Also, in February 2011, the density was significantly lower than in type C and D （F= 2.042, P 〈 0. 05）. At other times, no significant differences i

关 键 词：太湖 土壤动物 群落结构 生物多样性 

分 类 号：S154.5[农业科学—土壤学]