北黄海獐子岛养殖海域营养水平与虾夷扇贝增殖渔获量评估  

Estimation of nutrient level and fishery yield of Patinopecten yessoensis in mariculture area near the Zhangzidao Island of the north Yellow Sea

作　　者：段丽琴[1] 宋金明[1] 袁华茂[1] 李学刚[1] 李宁[1] 马继坤[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院海洋研究所海洋生态与环境科学重点实验室,青岛266071 [2]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所财务条件处,青岛266071

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第4期1004-1013,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金(41121064);国家重点基础研究发展计划973项目课题(2011CB403602)

摘　　要：营养盐作为浮游植物生长的物质基础,对海洋生态系统的物质循环起着决定性作用。调查研究了獐子岛附近海域营养盐含量水平、空间分布及营养盐结构,并据此估算了现有营养水平可支持的潜在生物量,评估了该海域虾夷扇贝增殖渔获量。结果表明,獐子岛附近海域海水总体营养水平较低,底层水中的营养盐浓度是表层水的2—3倍,海水中的营养盐浓度基本高于浮游植物生长的最低阈值,且溶解无机氮与磷酸盐的比值(DIN/PO4-P)和硅酸盐与磷酸盐的比值(Si O3-Si/PO4-P)均>22,全海域为磷营养限制。根据磷限制因子及食物链能流转移理论估算,该海域1000 km2现有的营养水平可支持一个生长周期内虾夷扇贝增殖的动态理论生产量为3.8—6.1万t,如人为增加5%—20%的水体磷,则虾夷扇贝增殖产量可增加0.25—1.00万t。Nutrients as the material basis for phytoplankton growth, play a decisive role in energy flow and matter cycling in marine ecological systems. In this study, the concentrations, spatial distributions and nutrient structure in seawaters near the Zhangzidao Island were studied. Besides, the potential biomass and fishery yield of Patinopecten yessoensis which could be supported by the current nutrient level also were estimated. Results suggested that the concentrations of phosphate （ PO4-P）, dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN） and silicate （ SiO3-Si） were in the ranges of 0-0.67, 0.77-9.91 and 1.62-18.77 μmol/L, with averages of 0.19, 4.50 and 7.00 μmol/L, respectively. Among them, DIN was mainly dominated by nitrate nitrogen （NO3-N） with concentrations of 0.04-6.82 μmol/L （average of 2.12 p, moL/L）, followed by ammonium nitrogen （NH4-N） with concentrations of 0.40-6.07 μmol/L （average of 1.95 μmol/L） , and nitrite nitrogen （NO2-N） was lowest with concentrations of 0.05-2.10 ixmol/L （average of 0.42 μmol/L）. Nutrients in the surface waters displayed a decreasing trend from coastal water to the middle area. This distribution was attributed to the riverine inputs （e. g., the Yalu River）, which carried a certain amount of nutrients to the north Yellow Sea （NYS）. In contrast, nutrients in the bottom waters presented higher values at the middle area and were 2-3 times higher than those in the surface waters. These distribution models were mainly influenced by the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass （YSCWM） , biological activities and Yellow Sea Warm Current （YSWC）. In summer, due to the weak vertical mixing, a stable cold water mass having a large number of organic particles entrenched at the bottom layer in the central part of the NYS. By September, organic particles began to decompose, accompanied by the nutrient release to the bottom waters. These released nutrients were difficult to diffuse to the upper layers due to strong thermocline and pycnocline. Consequently, the

关 键 词：营养水平 虾夷扇贝增殖 渔获量评估 獐子岛附近海域 

分 类 号：S932.6[农业科学—渔业资源]