蚯蚓对瓦氏黄颡鱼摄食达氏鳇卵的干扰实验  

Earthworms can be used to deter predation on sturgeon eggs by darkbarbel catfish

作　　者：石小涛[1,2,3] 路波[1] 白艳勤[1] 胡运燊 罗佳[1] 陈求稳[1,3] 乔晔 刘德富[1] 

机构地区：[1]三峡大学,三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心,宜昌443002 [2]水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室,武汉430079 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第4期1045-1050,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：楚天学者基金(KJ2010B002);国家自然科学基金(51009082,51210105017);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201030);水利部水工程生态效应与生态修复重点实验室开放基金;三峡库区生态环境教育部工程研究中心开放基金(KF2013-03)

摘　　要：自然水域中中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)卵常受到敌害鱼类捕食的威胁,瓦氏黄颡鱼Pelteobagrus vachelli(Richerdson)是中华鲟卵的重要敌害鱼类。以中华鲟卵的敌害鱼类瓦氏黄颡鱼为研究对象,选择环毛蚓(Pheretima tschiliensis)为瓦氏黄颡鱼的饵料,以达氏鳇卵(Kalugasturgeon)替代中华鲟卵进行室内实验,通过研究适合瓦氏黄颡鱼摄食的环毛蚓规格,以及环毛蚓干扰瓦氏黄颡鱼摄食达氏鳇卵投放比例,探讨中华鲟卵的保护方法。在水温为(20.0±1.5)℃的条件下,研究了3种不同体长规格[体长(15.3±1.4)cm、(12.0±2.1)cm、(7.7±0.5)cm]实验鱼个体分别摄食3种不同体长规格环毛蚓(体高为0.3cm,体长分别为8、4、2cm)和达氏鳇卵的摄食率;研究了体长为4cm的环毛蚓对3种不同体长实验鱼摄食达氏鳇卵的干扰效果。实验结果表明:3种体长规格瓦氏黄颡鱼均摄食达氏鳇卵;3种体长规格瓦氏黄颡鱼共同摄食的替代饵料规格为体长4cm及以下的环毛蚓;适宜干扰实验所选体长实验鱼摄食达氏鳇卵的饵料为体长4 cm的环毛蚓;当环毛蚓与达氏鳇卵数量比例为1∶1时,可实现达氏鳇卵的保护。研究证明在实验条件下可实现环毛蚓对中华鲟卵敌害鱼类——瓦氏黄颡鱼实施摄食干扰,提示下一步可以尝试选择环毛蚓作为替代中华鲟卵的饵料,进行干扰食卵鱼类摄食中华鲟卵的野外验证试验。The eggs of Chinese sturgeon （Acipenser sinensis）, an important native fish species in China, are extremely vulnerable to predation by other fishes in the wild. In some cases, more than 90% of Chinese sturgeon eggs are consumed by predators. Darkbarbel catfish [ Pelteobagrus vachelli （Rieherdson） ] are major predators of Chinese sturgeon eggs. Thus, it is critical to gain a better understanding of the feeding behaviors of Darkbarbel catfish to develop practical ways to protect Chinese sturgeon eggs from predation. In this study, we explore the use of bait as a potential tool to redirect Darkbarbel catfish＇s feeding away from Chinese sturgeon eggs. In a laboratory experiment, Darkbarbel catfish were fed earthworms （Pheretima tschiliensis） of different sizes, and we observed their feeding habits and preference between earthworms and Kaluga sturgeon eggs. Darkbarbel catfish were captured from a known Chinese sturgeon spawning area at the lower reaches of Gezhou Dam, and fed in the experimental tanks for 30 days to adapt to the experimental environment before beginning feeding trials. The experimental environment was supplied with water at a constant （ 20. 0± 1.5 ） ℃ temperature under natural light conditions. Darkbarbel catfish were divided into 3 groups according to standard body length [ （15.3 ± 1.4） cm, （ 12.0 ±2.1 ） cm, （7.7 ± 0. 5） cm] and fed a diet of either different-sized earthworms （body height of 0. 3 cm; body length of 8 em, 4 cm or 2 cm, respectively） or Kaluga sturgeon eggs. The results showed that earthworms of body length of 8 cm can only be eaten by fish in the largest size, whereas earthworms 2 cm and 4 cm in length can be eaten by fish of all sizes. Kaluga sturgeon eggs were eaten by Darkbarbel catfish of all sizes. There were no significant differences between the feeding rates of Darkbarbel catfish on earthworms 2 or 4 cm in length. We also examined whether medium-sized earthworms （body length of 4 era） could be used to distract Darkbarbel catfish when

关 键 词：瓦氏黄颡鱼 环毛蚓 达氏鳇卵 摄食 

分 类 号：S943[农业科学—水产养殖]