塞北荒漠草原柠条锦鸡儿AM真菌的空间分布  

The spatial distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizosphere of Caragana korshinskii in Saibei desert steppe

作　　者：许伟[1] 贺学礼[1] 孙茜[1] 王晓乾[1] 刘春卯[1] 张娟[1] 赵丽莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北大学生命科学学院,保定071002

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第4期1124-1133,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(31270460)

摘　　要：为了探明塞北荒漠草原AM真菌生态分布规律,于2013年6月选取河北沽源县二牛点、内蒙古上都镇和青格勒图嘎查3个样地,按照0—10 cm、10—20 cm、20—30 cm、30—40 cm、40—50 cm 5个土层分别采集柠条锦鸡儿(Caragana korshinskii)根围土壤样品,研究了AM真菌空间分布特征及其与土壤因子的相关性。结果表明,柠条锦鸡儿根系能与AM真菌共生形成疆南星型丛枝菌根,AM真菌孢子密度和定殖率与样地和采样深度密切相关。二牛点孢子密度最大,3个样地孢子密度最大值均在0—10 cm土层,并随土层加深而减少;3个样地菌丝定殖率依次为上都镇>青格勒图嘎查>二牛点,峰值均在0—10 cm土层;泡囊定殖率青格勒图嘎查显著低于其他样地,但土层间无规律性变化;丛枝样地间定殖状况差异明显,变化趋势为青格勒图嘎查>上都镇>二牛点;AM真菌总定殖率和定殖强度最大值在上都镇。孢子密度与土壤有机C、全N、易提取球囊霉素和总球囊霉素极显著正相关,与p H值显著正相关,与速效P显著负相关;菌丝定殖率与土壤p H值、速效P、全N和酸性磷酸酶显著负相关;泡囊和丛枝定殖率与土壤碱解N和碱性磷酸酶具有极显著相关性;总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素与脲酶显著正相关,与碱解N、全N、碱性磷酸酶和酸性磷酸酶极显著正相关。主成分分析表明,酸性磷酸酶、总球囊霉素、全N、碱性磷酸酶、有机C是影响荒漠土壤营养状况的主要因子。总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素平均含量分别为3.19 mg/g和1.17 mg/g,占土壤有机C平均含量比为7.77%和3.83%,占土壤全N平均含量比为20.81%和9.57%。多元线性回归表明,总球囊霉素和易提取球囊霉素与土壤有机C和全N具有显著线性相关关系。研究球囊霉素与土壤有机C和N的比例关系可进一步明确AM真菌的生态功能,对荒漠土壤C库和N库研究具有重要意义。In order to elucidate the activity and ecological distribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal （ AM ） fungi in Saibei desert steppe, we sampled soil from three different sites at Erniudian, Shangduzhen and Qinggeletu in Saibei desert steppe in June 2013. Roots of Caragana korshinskii and rhizosphere soil were collected from each site at five depths in the soil profile： 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 and 40-50 cm, respectively. The results indicated that C. korshinskii formed strong symbiotic relationship with AM fungi. AM fungal spore density and colonization rates were significantly affected by sampling sites and soil depths. The highest spore density occurred at the 0-10cm layer and gradually decreased with soil depths. Hyphal colonization rate was the highest in samples collected at Shangduzhen among the three sites. However, vesicular colonization was the lowest in samples from Qinggeletu, and there were no significant differences among soil layers. Arbuscular colonization differed among the three sites. Both the total colonization rates and colonization intensity of AM fungi in root samples from Shangduzhen were the highest compared to the other two sites, respectively. Spore density strongly correlated with soil organic C, total N, easily extractable glomain （EEG） and total extractable glomalin （TG） （all P〈 0. 01 ）, soil pH （ P〈0. 05）, and negatively correlated with available P （P〈0. 01 ）. Hyphal colonization rate had negative correlation with soil pH, available P, total N and acid phosphatase （all P〈0. 05 ）. Vesicular and arbuscular colonization rates were strongly correlated with available N and alkaline phosphatase （ all P〈0. 01 ）. EEG and TG had significant positive correlation with available N, total N, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase （ all P〈0. 01 ）, urease （ P〈0. 05 ）, but had no significant correlation with available P. Principal component analysis showed that acid and alkaline phosphatase, TG, total N and organic carbon were the key factors aff

关 键 词：AM真菌 球囊霉素 土壤因子 柠条锦鸡儿 塞北荒漠草原 

分 类 号：S793.3[农业科学—林木遗传育种] Q949.32[农业科学—林学]