沟壑切割区塌陷灾害防治对策  

Control countermeasures of mining subsidence disasters in gully cutting area

作　　者：余学义[1,2] 刘樟荣 赵兵朝[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学能源学院,西安710054 [2]西安科技大学西部矿井开采及灾害防治教育部重点实验室,西安710054

出　　处：《中国科技论文》2015年第3期305-308,共4页China Sciencepaper

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(20106121110003);陕西省自然科学基金资助项目(2011JY005);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划资助项目(13JS066)

摘　　要：为了防范和治理沟壑切割区开采塌陷灾害,针对沟壑切割区的特殊地形地貌,首先对沟壑切割区开采塌陷灾害进行了分类,然后分析了各类塌陷灾害的演化过程及形成机制,最后提出了相应的防治对策。研究结果表明,沟壑切割区开采塌陷灾害可分为崩塌灾害、滑塌灾害和滑坡灾害三类。崩塌灾害和滑塌灾害分别主要由拉伸破坏和剪切破坏引起,滑塌灾害则兼具拉伸破坏和剪切破坏机制。在沟壑采动影响范围内,可根据具体条件分析采取限高协调开采、留保护煤柱、充填开采和顺坡开采等减损开采方法,同时对边坡采取削坡减载、裂缝灌浆、塌陷回填、支护加固、种植植被、加强排水等地表防护措施,灾后则应采取应急治理恢复措施。To prevent and control the mining subsidence disasters in gully cutting area,in connection with whose special topography,this paper firstly classifies the mining subsidence disasters into three types,then analyzes the evolution process and formation mechanism of each type of subsidence disaster,and finally puts forward some corresponding control countermeasures.The research shows that mining subsidence disasters in gully cutting area can be catagorised into collapse disaster,slumping disaster and landslide disaster.The collapse disaster and the slumping disaster are mainly caused by tensile failure and shear failure,respectively;while the landslide disaster possesses both failure mechanisms.To prevent mining subsidence disasters in gully influence area,some damage-reducing methods can be adopted,such as coordinated and height-limit mining,designing protective coal pillar,backfill mining and mining down the slope.Meanwhile,surface control measures are also needed,such as slope cutting,crack grouting,collapse backfilling,support reinforcement,planting vegetation,and enhancing drainage.Measures for emergency treatment and restoration must be taken after the disaster.

关 键 词：沟壑切割区 塌陷灾害 崩塌 滑塌 滑坡 防治对策 

分 类 号：TD771[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]