真核生物核酸外切体(exosome)的研究进展  

Research Advance of The Exosome in Eukaryotes

作　　者：杨敏[1] 韩玉珍[2] 

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农学院,洛阳471003 [2]中国农业大学生物学院、植物生理学与生物化学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《生物化学与生物物理进展》2015年第2期140-146,共7页Progress In Biochemistry and Biophysics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30670192);青年科学基金(31101153)资助项目~~

摘　　要：RNA的加工和降解是调控基因时空表达的重要步骤,在调节生物体的生长和发育过程中起着至关重要的作用.几乎所有的RNA都是从一条长的前体加工处理而来,形成成熟的RNA发挥功能,之后进行降解.RNA的降解需要5′-3′核酸外切酶、3′-5′核酸外切酶及核酸内切酶的参与.在真核细胞中,部分3′-5′核酸外切酶所进行的RNA降解依赖于一种称为核酸外切体(exosome)的复合物.该复合物由9个核心蛋白亚基组成,已有的证据表明,其广泛参与了动物、酵母及植物体中多种RNA的加工和降解过程.本文综述了真核生物中核酸外切体的研究进展,讨论了该复合体在RNA加工降解过程中的作用机制.RNA processing and degradation are essential steps in gene expression regulation that influences many aspects of development and growth. In eukaryotes, virtually all RNAs are processed from longer precursors to generate mature RNAs. After completing their functions, these RNAs enter to the decay pathway. 3′-exoribonucleases, 5′-exoribonucleases and endonucleases were involved in RNAs decay. In eukaryotic cells, part of 3′-exoribonucleases activity is contributed by the exosome, a complex composed of nine core subunits and several auxiliary components. The exosome has been shown to play an important role in processing and decaying of various RNA in animals, yeast and plants. In this paper, we briefly review the research advance of exosome in eukaryotes, and focus on the function mechanism of the exosome.

关 键 词：RNA 核酸外切体 真核生物 

分 类 号：Q7[生物学—分子生物学] Q5