二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵的结构与性质的关系  

Relationships Between Structures and Properties of Diallylmethylalkylammonium Bromide

作　　者：陶贤平[1] 张跃军[2] 李侠[1] 贾旭[2] 

机构地区：[1]南通职业大学化学与生物工程学院,江苏南通226007 [2]南京理工大学化工学院,南京210094

出　　处：《应用化学》2015年第3期342-349,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Chemistry

摘　　要：对4种二烯丙基甲基烷基（n=12,14,16,18）溴化铵（标记为C12,C14,C16,C18）的性质与性能进行了研究。通过测定其热稳定性、表面活性和絮凝性能,考察产物结构对其性质与性能的影响规律。结果表明,季铵盐C12~C18的主要分解温度分别为170~300℃、172~303℃、170~293℃和170~310℃,对应失重率分别为92.8%、92.6%、96.4%和87.4%;临界胶束浓度（cmc）和临界胶束浓度下的表面张力（γcmc）分别为5.2、3.5、1.4、1.1 mmol/L和26.6、25.2、33.8、35.8 m N/m,显示出较高的表面活性;季铵盐C16的发泡与稳泡性能最好,C12的Krafft点〈0℃,C14、C16和C18的Krafft点分别为1、8和19℃;C12和C14分别对膨润土和高岭土的絮凝能力最强,表明单体的絮凝性能具有结构选择性。The properties and performances of four kinds of quaternary ammonium salt monomers were researched. The relationships between structures and properties or performances for the four kinds of diallylmethylalkyl（ n = 12,14,16,18 ） ammonium bromides （ marked C12, C14, C16, C18 ） were discussed on the basis of the determination of the thermal stability, surfactivity and flocculation ability. Quaternary ammonium salts C12 - C18 decompose within 170 - 300 ℃, 172 - 303 ℃, 170 - 293 ℃ and 170 - 310 ℃, their mass loss rates are 92. 8%, 92. 6%, 96.4% and 87.4%, respectively. Their critical micelle concentration （cmc） and the corresponding surface tension （Tcmc） are 2.0, 3.5, 1.4, 1. 1 mmo]/L and 26.6, 25.2, 33.8, 35.8 mN/m, respectively. All monomers show excellent surfactivity. The quaternary ammonium salt C16 possesses the best foaming power and foam stability. C12 Krafft point is 〈0 ℃. Krafft points of C14, C16 and C18 are 1 ℃, 8 ℃ and 19 ℃, respectively. The C12 and C14 appear the strongest flocculation ability to bentonite and kaolin suspansion, indicating that the flocculation performance of monomers are of certain selectivity to structures.

关 键 词：二烯丙基甲基烷基溴化铵 季铵盐 结构与性质 热稳定性 表面活性 絮凝能力 

分 类 号：O647[理学—物理化学] TQ423.1[理学—化学]