应用沃尔巴克氏体通过种群替换阻断蚊媒病的传播  

Blocking the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases through Wolbachia-based population replacement

作　　者：李永军[1] 刘起勇[2,3] 奚志勇[1,4] 

机构地区：[1]中山大学-密歇根州立大学热带病虫媒控制联合研究中心,广东广州510080 [2]中国疾病预防控制中心传染病预防控制所,传染病预防控制国家重点实验室 [3]世界卫生组织媒介生物监测与管理合作中心 [4]美国密歇根州立大学微生物学和分子遗传学系

出　　处：《中国媒介生物学及控制杂志》2015年第1期11-15,共5页Chinese Journal of Vector Biology and Control

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重点(重大)项目(311030);广东省引进创新科研团队计划(2011S009);广州市开发区科技领军人才项目(2013L-P116);美国国立卫生研究院和盖茨全球健康大挑战联合基金;美国国立卫生研究院/国家过敏症与传染病研究所基金(R01 AI-080597);国际原子能地区合作项目(RAS5066)~~

摘　　要：由蚊类传播的疾病每年造成人类大量的病例和死亡,然而包括登革热一类的重要蚊媒病至今尚无有效的疫苗用于预防。由于传统的、依赖化学杀虫剂的蚊媒控制方法正面临不断增长的昆虫抗药性和对环境的污染问题,探索对蚊媒的可持续性防治手段正成为目前研究的热点。沃尔巴克氏体可以导致宿主产生胞质不相容现象,并能诱导蚊媒产生对多种人类病原体的抗性,因此基于沃尔巴克氏体的蚊媒种群替换在理论上可以阻断蚊媒病传播。相比于其他生物防治方法,该方法具有低成本、可持续以及环保等特点,已在多个国家开展实地测试,它也是目前最具潜力的蚊媒病生物防治手段之一。Diseases transmitted by mosquitoes result in severe morbidity and mortality every year, and there is an urgent need to develop an effective tool to prevent the most important diseases including dengue and others. Due to rapidly developing resistance in insects and its negative impact on environment, chemical insecticide becomes increasingly difficult to be relied on for disease control. Thus a significant effort is made to develop a sustainable vector control strategy, such as Wolbachia-based vector control. Theoretically Wolbachia-based population replacement would lead to interruption of disease transmission due to the ability of Wolbachia to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility and pathogen interference.Compared with the other control tools, this Wolbachia approach is cost-effective, sustainable and environmental friendly.With field trial currently ongoing in a number of countries, Wolbachia-based vector control is now becoming one of the most promising novel tools for control of mosquito-borne diseases.

关 键 词：沃尔巴克氏体 蚊媒 种群替换 

分 类 号：R386[医药卫生—医学寄生虫学] R384.1[医药卫生—基础医学]