播种方式对膜下滴灌棉田土壤水盐分布及出苗的影响  

Effects of Sowing Patterns on Soil Water-salt Distribution and Cotton Emergence Rate with Drip Irrigation under Mulch

作　　者：庄亮亮 张胜江 邢旭光[2] 曹伟 

机构地区：[1]新疆水利水电科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830049 [2]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2015年第2期89-91,共3页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：自治区重大科技专项(201130103-3);地下水开发与绿洲安全用水关键技术研究(201301102);干旱区膜下滴灌条件下土壤盐分离子组成对棉花出苗的影响研究(KY2012064)

摘　　要：分析了不同播种方式下土壤水盐运移特征及其对棉花出苗率的影响。结果表明,播种方式影响土壤水分剖面分布,土壤含水率整体上随土层深度增加而增大,且浅层（0-20cm）土壤含水率差异明显,表现为＂干播湿出＂〉＂滴水出苗＂〉＂双膜覆盖＂〉＂常规播种＂。土壤溶液电导率随土层深度的增加而减小,浅层土壤溶液电导率差异尤为明显,＂干播湿出＂、＂滴水出苗＂和＂双膜覆盖＂模式下土壤溶液电导率比＂常规播种＂方式分别减小25.09%、62.92%和93.26%。不同播种方式下棉花出苗率差异明显,表现为＂双膜覆盖＂〉＂滴水出苗＂〉＂干播湿出＂〉＂常规种植＂。浅层土壤溶液电导率与棉花出苗率显著线性负相关,棉花出苗的耐盐阈值为2.93mS/cm。Characters of soil water-salt transport and effects of sowing patterns on cotton emergence rate were analyzed in order to improve cotton yield.The results showed that soil water content in profile increased with the deepening of soil depth in four sowing patterns,and soil water content in 0~20cm layer in different sowing patterns was significantly different with dry seeding and wet budding（DSWB）〉dripping water emergence（DWE）〉double-film mulch cultivation（DFMC）〉general planting（GP）.Soil salinity reduced with the deepening of soil depth and changed obviously in 0~20cm soil layer.Compared with GP,soil salinity under DSWB,DWE and DFMC reduced by 25.09%,62.92% and 93.26%,respectively.The cotton emergence rates were different under different sowing patterns with DFMC〉DWE〉DSWB〉GP.In shallow soil layer,there was obvious negative linear correlation between soil salinity and cotton emergence rate,and threshold of salt-tolerance for cotton was 2.93mS/cm.

关 键 词：播种方式 土壤水盐分布 耐盐度 出苗率 棉花 

分 类 号：S156.4[农业科学—土壤学] S562[农业科学—农业基础科学]