肉牛场生命周期估计及环境影响评价  

Life Cycle Estimation and Environmental Impact Assessment of Beef Cattle Farm

作　　者：程琼仪 张言[3,4] 陈昭辉[3,4] 刘继军[3,4] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院,北京100083 [2]农业部设施农业工程重点实验室,北京100083 [3]中国农业大学动物科技学院北京100193 [4]动物营养学国家重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2015年第1期63-69,共7页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：南方地区草食家畜舍饲小气候调控技术研究(201303145);农业部肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-38)

摘　　要：试验采用生命周期估计(life cycle assessment,LCA)方法对江西高安某存栏1 800头的肉牛育肥场在整个育肥期间(7个月)的污染物排放量,以及污染物在全球变暖、环境酸化、富营养化、光化学臭氧合成方面对环境的影响进行了评估。系统边界包括化肥生产、农作物种植、饲料运输、肉牛生产和粪便处理。结果表明:温室气体排放量为(以CO2当量计)为11 908t,环境酸化气体排放量(以SO2当量计)为84.6t,富营养化气体排放量为(以PO43-当量计)为14.4t,光化学臭氧合成问题气体排放量为(以C2H4当量计)为1.68t。其中饲料运输主要影响全球变暖(占总排放量的49.8%)和光化学臭氧合成问题(占总排放量的54.1%),而粪便处理主要影响环境酸化(占总排放量的70.1%)和富营养化(占总排放量的76.4%),肉牛生产对环境的影响主要是全球变暖(占总排放量的18.1%)和光化学臭氧合成问题(占总排放量的30.9%)。因此,可考虑通过降低运输距离,改善饲料配方、粪便处理方式等降低污染物排放量。Life cycle assessment method is applied in this experiment to determine quantity of pollution emission from beef cattle farm with 1800 heads of cattle in Gao＇an city, Jiangxi province in 7 months of fat- tening period and to evaluate the impact of these pollution on global warming, environmental acidification, eutrophication and photochemical ozone synthesis. The system boundary includes fertilizer production, crops, feed transportation, beef cattle production and waste treatment. Results showed that greenhouse e- mission（ equivalent basis to CO2） reached 11908t, environmental acidification gas emission（equivalent ba- sis to SO2） 84.6t, eutrophication of gas emission（equivalent basis to PO4--3）14.4t, photochemical ozone synthesis gas emission（ equivalent basis to C2H4） 1.68t. Feed transportation mainly affected the global warming （49.8% of total emission） and photochemical ozone synthesis problems（54. 1% of total emis- sion）, waste treatment affected environmental acidification （70.1% of total emission） and eutrophication （76.4% of total emission）, beef cattle production mainly affects the global warming（18.1% of total emis- sion） and photochemical ozone synthesis（30. 9% of total emission）. The results indicated the pollution quantity can be reduced by shortening the transportation distance, improving the feed formula and waste treatment methods.

关 键 词：生命周期评估 肉牛育肥 全球变暖 环境酸化 富营养化 光化学臭氧合成 

分 类 号：S811.6[农业科学—畜牧学]