四川省某三级甲等医院血源性病原体职业暴露现状及危险因素分析  

Analysis on the Situation of Occupational Exposure to Bloodborne Pathogens and Its Risk Factors in A Top-class Hospital in Sichuan Province

作　　者：赵丽[1] 夏一尹[2] 郑熙琳 石慧[1] 李雪梅[2] 周彬彬[2] 苟杨 

机构地区：[1]宜宾市第二人民医院预防保健科,四川宜宾644000 [2]宜宾市第二人民医院医院感染管理办公室,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《华西医学》2015年第2期219-221,共3页West China Medical Journal

摘　　要：目的了解医院医务人员职业暴露现状及危险因素,为职业安全与防护对策提供依据。方法采用已设计的《医院医务人员职业暴露登记表》进行回顾性研究,对四川某三级甲等医院2011年1月-2014年6月医务人员发生的职业暴露登记资料进行统计分析。结果全院职业暴露139例,女性多于男性(男︰女=1︰4.79);以护士暴露为主,占70.5%;暴露类型主要为锐器伤,占84.2%;不同工作类别人群(医生、护士等)、不同地点(病房、治疗室等)的暴露类型不同,差异有统计学意义(χ2=12.683、20.897,P<0.05);47.5%的暴露发生于外科;锐器伤主要由头皮针、注射器引起,受伤部位主要为上肢,占98.3%;血液、体液暴露主要发生在上肢(54.5%)和面部(45.5%);暴露源主要为艾滋病和乙型肝炎,分别占27.9%和21.0%。结论该院职业暴露以锐器伤为主且外科表现较突出,女性、护士、低年资医务人员职业暴露风险较高,职业安全与防护形式较严峻,应有针对性地开展职业安全与防护培训。Objective To know the status and risk factors of occupational exposure in a top-class hospital in Sichuan, and provide the basis for occupational safety and protective measures. Methods ＂Hospital Medical Staff Occupational Exposure Registration Form＂ was used in this retrospective study. Statistical analysis was performed on medical workers＇ exposure data between January 2011 and June 2014 in a top-class hospital in Sichuan Province. Results A total of 139 cases of occupational exposures were recorded in some of the medical staff. There were more females than males. Nurses had the most exposures （70.5%）, and the exposure sources were mainly human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis B virus （27.9% and 21.0%, respectively）. The exposure type was mainly sharp injury （84.2%）. Exposure occurred mainly in surgery （47.5%）, and different job or places had different exposure types with significant differences （X2=12.683, 20.897, P 〈 0.05）. Sharp injury was mainly caused by the scalp needle and syringe, and the injured sites were mainly upper limbs （98.3%）. However, exposure to blood and body fluids occurred mainly on upper limbs （54.5%） or face （45.5%）. Conclusions Occupational exposures are mainly sharp injuries, especially in surgeries. Women, nurses or medical staff with low qualifications had the highest exposure risk. Thus, occupational safety and protection training should be strengthened.

关 键 词：职业暴露 医务人员 锐器伤 安全防护 

分 类 号：R192[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]