磁流体动力学陀螺仪的结构设计与实验研究  

Structure design and experiment study for MHD gyroscope

作　　者：徐梦洁[1] 李醒飞[1] 吴腾飞[1] 陈诚[2] 于翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津大学精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室,天津300072 [2]天津商业大学机械工程学院,天津300134

出　　处：《仪器仪表学报》2015年第2期394-400,共7页Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61304243;61427810);精密测试技术及仪器国家重点实验室开放基金(PIL1306)资助项目

摘　　要：磁流体动力学陀螺仪不存在传统陀螺仪的机械磨损和光学陀螺仪寿命易受光学器件制约的缺点,因而具有高精度、宽频带、长寿命的特点,此外还具有抗冲击、体积小、重量轻等综合性能。该传感器不但在惯性导航中表现优异,同时在卫星微角振动测量及寻北等领域也具有广阔的应用前景。通过对磁流体动力学陀螺仪基本工作原理进行简要分析,对简化模型进行了推导,并提出一种磁流体动力学陀螺仪的结构设计方法;对磁路进行仿真,获得工作间隙处磁感应强度分布,并代入磁流体仿真环节;对流动进行仿真,同时对样机进行标定实验,可得出标定过程的仿真与实验间差值的平方和均值的开方为5.69 m V,非线性度为0.6%,表明通过研究导电流体的流动过程进而分析该陀螺仪的性能是十分必要的,并证明了磁流体动力学陀螺仪具有良好的发展前景。Magnetohydrodynamics（ MHD） gyroscope does not have the deficiencies of mechanical wear in traditional gyro and relatively short lifetime of optical gyro limited by optical device,so it has the advantages of high-precision,wide-bandwidth and long-lifetime;it also has the comprehensive performance of impact resistance,small size and light weight.The sensor not only has outstanding performance in inertial navigation,but also has wide application prospect in the fields of micro-angular vibration measurements of satellites and north-seeking.The basic operation principle of MHD gyroscope is analyzed briefly,its simplified model is deduced;and a structure design method of MHD gyroscope is proposed.The magnetic circuit was simulated,and then the distribution of the magnetic induction intensity in the operation gap was obtained,which was substituted into the simulation of conducting fluid flow;the simulation of the flow was conducted and the calibration experiment of the prototype was performed.The results show that the root of the quadratic sum of the differences between experiment and simulation results is 5.69 mV;and the non-linearity is 0.6%.The study results show that it is necessary to analyze the performance of gyroscope through studying the flow process of conducting fluid,and the MHD gyroscope has great prospect for development.

关 键 词：磁流体动力学 结构设计 仿真和实验 

分 类 号：TH73[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]