1307号台风“苏力”影响期间厦门大气气溶胶中细颗粒物组成变化的特征  

Variations of chemical species in fine aerosol particles over Xiamen by 1307 typhoon Soulik

作　　者：李忠[1,2] 陈立奇[1,2] 颜金培[1,2] 赵淑惠[1,2] 林奇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所,福建厦门361005 [2]国家海洋局海洋-大气与全球变化重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2015年第1期57-64,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41230529;21106018;41305133);国家海洋局公益专项资助项目(2004DIB5J178);国家社会公益专项资助项目(2004DIB5J178);国家海洋局青年海洋科学基金资助项目(2013534);国家海洋局第三海洋研究所基本科研业务费专项资助项目(2011023)

摘　　要：厦门是南亚热带海洋性季风气候,海洋雾霾和台风影响明显.本文利用单颗粒气溶胶飞行时间质谱仪(SPAMS)对2013年第7号台风"苏力"登陆前后期间(7月10日至7月18日)厦门上空大气气溶胶中细颗粒物进行实时在线观测,分析典型的台风极端天气对厦门大气气溶胶特征的影响.在此次研究中厦门上空气溶胶中的物质主要可分为:元素碳、有机碳、生物质燃烧、元素有机碳、含铅颗粒、含钒颗粒物、含钙颗粒物、海盐和高分子颗粒物等9类.研究结果表明台风影响过程中细颗粒组成发生明显变化具体为:台风前船舶排放的含钒颗粒物明显增多,这与台风前大量船舶驶入并停靠在厦门锚地避风有关;随后台风强气流将其他地区的污染物带入厦门,颗粒物数浓度不断升高达到最高值;强降雨的清扫作用使得大气中颗粒物的浓度迅速降低,但台风过后大气中颗粒物数浓度则迅速升高.润滑油燃烧产生的含钙和磷酸盐的颗粒物数浓度升高最为明显,表明汽车尾气仍然是厦门本地污染的重要来源.A single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used to investigate variations of chemical species in fine aerosol particles during the typhoon＂Soulik＂transiting over Xiamen island in southern China. In this study,chemical species in the marine aerosols can be classified into 9 clusters as elemental carbon（ EC）,organic carbon（ OC）,internally mixed elemental-organic carbon（ ECOC）,vanadium-rich,high mass organic carbon（ HMOC）,sea salt,Ca-rich,K-rich and Pb-rich particles. The results revealed that the vanadium-rich type emitted from ships was obvious in an increasing trend near typhoon entrancing,due to a large number of ships docked in Xiamen anchorage for sheltering. Counterclockwise flow winds bring land pollutions to Xiamen,resulting in peak particles pollution number concentration. Great storm would have washout the particulate matter quickly resulted in very low concentration of all the chemical specials during the typhoon arrival and the particle concentration in the atmosphere rised rapidly soon afterwards. Calcium-containing particles from the burning of lubricating oil was most pronounced and the concentration increased after typhoon,which showed that automobile exhaust was still an important sources of local pollution in Xiamen.

关 键 词：海洋化学 1307号台风“苏力” 气溶胶 大气物质来源 厦门 

分 类 号：P734[天文地球—海洋化学]