三大洋深海沉积物样品可培养真菌多样性研究  

Fungal diversity study in the deep sea sediments of three oceans by culture-dependent approach

作　　者：徐炜[1] 李广伟[1] 黄翔玲[1] 骆祝华[1] 

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局第三海洋研究所、国家海洋局海洋生物遗传资源重点实验室,福建厦门361005

出　　处：《应用海洋学学报》2015年第1期103-110,共8页Journal of Applied Oceanography

基　　金：中国大洋协会资助项目(DY125-15-R-01);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41376171)

摘　　要：深海真菌是深海微生物的重要组成之一,在深海环境生态系统中起着非常重要的作用,但目前人们对于深海沉积物中的真菌群落多样性关注较少.本研究对来自东太平洋、南大西洋和西南印度洋(三大洋)的15个沉积物样品进行真菌的分离培养,共获得175株真菌,包括93株酵母菌和82株丝状真菌.基于形态学观察和ITS序列的系统发育分析显示,93株酵母分别属于红冬孢酵母属(Rhodosporidium)和胶红酵母属(Rhodotorula)的两个种[海洋红酵母(Rhodosporidium paludigenum)和胶红酵母(Rhodotorula mucilaginosa)].82株丝状真菌分别属于曲霉属(Aspergillus)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、青霉属(Penicillium)、链格孢属(Alternaria)、镰刀菌(Fusarium)、支顶孢属(Acremonium)、茎点霉属(Phoma)、麦轴梗霉属(Tritirachium)、毛壳菌属(Chaetomium)、外瓶霉属(Exophiala)、侧齿霉属(Engyodontium)、肉片齿菌属(Sistotrema)、裂褶菌属(Schizophyllum)、腥掷抱菌属(Tilletiopsis)和Hormonema.其中曲霉属为丝状真菌中的优势属,占总菌株的47.6%.上述研究结果表明大洋深海沉积物中存在着较为丰富的真菌资源,有助于加深我们对于不同大洋区域深海环境中真菌群落结构的认识.Deep-sea fungi are an important component of deep-sea microorganisms and play vital roles in deep-sea ecosystems. However,the knowledge about fungi in deep-sea environments is limited. In this study,15 samples in deep sea sediments from three ocean areas（ South Atlantic Ocean,East Pacific Ocean,and Southwest Indian Ocean） were collected for the diversity study by culture-dependent approach. A total of 175 fungal strains were isolated,including 93 yeast strains and 82 filamentous fungi strains. The phylogenetic analysis of ITS sequence of fungal isolates showed that the yeasts belong to 2 species,Rhodosporidium paludigenum and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa.Eighty-two filamentous fungal strains were affiliated with 15 fungal genera,including Aspergillus,Cladosporium,Penicillium,Alternaria,Fusarium,Acremonium,Phoma,Tritirachium,Chaetomium,Exophiala,Engyodontium,Sistotrema,Schizophyllum,Tilletiopsis and Hormonema. Aspergillus accounting for 47. 6% of the total filamentous fungal isolates is a dominant genus. The results revealed that a high diversity of fungi in deep-sea sediments of the oceans and have provided a key insight into the community composition of fungi in deep-sea environments.

关 键 词：海洋生物学 深海沉积物 可培养真菌 多样性 ITS序列 

分 类 号：P735[天文地球—海洋生物学]