黄花草木樨对杂草的化感作用研究  

The Allelopathy of Yellow Sweet Clover on Weeds

作　　者：邬彩霞[1] 刘苏娇[1] 赵国琦[1] 徐俊[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学动物科学与技术学院,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《草地学报》2015年第1期82-88,共7页Acta Agrestia Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31101764);江苏省高校自然科学基金(11KJB230004)资助

摘　　要：为探讨黄花草木樨(Melilotus of ficinalis)水浸提液对田间常见杂草的化感抑制作用以及利用黄花草木樨化感作用进行生物除草的可行性,采用生物检测法研究黄花草木樨水浸提液对藜(Chenopodium album)、臭草(Melica scabrosa)、籽粒苋(Amaranthus hypochondriacus)、稗草(Echinochloa crus-galli)、萹蓄(Polygonum aviculare)、山苦荚(Ixeris chinensis)、车前草(Plantago asiatica)等7种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感效应;同时测定黄花草木樨干草粉对田间杂草生物量的抑制效应。结果表明:黄花草木樨茎叶水浸提液处理能显著抑制籽粒苋、山苦荬、藜、稗草及车前草的种子萌发(P<0.05);能显著抑制藜、籽粒苋、稗草、山苦荚、车前草的幼苗生长(P<0.05);黄花草木樨干草粉能有效降低田间杂草生物量,且对田间杂草的抑制效应随施用量的增加而增强,在施用量达90g·m^(-2)时,对田间杂草数量和干重的抑制均达到显著水平(P<0.05)。因此,黄花草木樨的抑草能力具有选择性,对不同种杂草的作用方式和作用强度存在差异;黄花草木樨干草粉的施用量在90 g·m^(-2)及以上时,能显著降低田间杂草的数量及重量。This study aimed to investigate the allelopathic inhibition of yellow sweet clover （Melilotus officinalis） aqueous extract on 7 kinds of weeds and the feasibility of using yellow sweet clover＇s allelopathy as a biological method of weed control. Laboratory bioassay was conducted to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of yellow sweet clover on seed germination and seedling growth of tested weeds including common lambsquarters （Chenopodium album）, melica （Melica scabrosa）, grain amaranth （Amaranthus hypochondriacus）, barnyardgrass （Echinochloa crusgalli）, common knotgrass （Polygonum aviculare）, Chinese ixeris （Ixeris chinensis）, and plantain （Plantago asiatica）. Field trials of applying 30, 60, 90 and 120 g·m-2 of yellow sweet clover hay powder to field were conducted to evaluate the suppression effects of the weeds. The results showed that the aqueous extracts of yellow sweet clover leaf and stem significantly inhibited the seed germination of grain amaranth, Chinese ixeris, common lambsquarters, barnyardgrass and plantain （P〈0.05）. The aqueous extracts of yellow sweet clover leaf and stem also significantly inhibited the seedling growth of common lambsquarters, grain amaranth, barnyardgrass, Chinese ixeris and plantain （P〈0.05）. Field trails results indicated that the weed biomass of field, including the number and dry weight, was effectively reduced by the application of yellow sweet clover hay powder. With the application rate increasing, the inhibitory effect on weed biomass also improved, and there was significant suppression effect at the application rate of ≥ 90 g·m-2 （P〈0.05）. These results indicated that yellow sweet clover had a strong inhibition effect on many weeds, but the intensity and action mode of the inhibition effect differed from different weed species. In addition, the number and dry weight of field weeds decreased significantly by applying yellow sweet clover hay powder at the application rate of≥90 g·m-2.

关 键 词：黄花草木樨 水浸提液 干草粉 杂草 抑制 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]