星空背景下空间目标的快速识别与精密定位  

Fast recognition and precise orientation of space objects in star background

作　　者：李振伟[1,2,3] 张涛[1] 孙明国[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院国家天文台长春人造卫星观测站,吉林长春130117

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2015年第2期589-599,共11页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：中国科学院院级科研装备研制项目(No.YZ201116)

摘　　要：为了提高光电望远镜系统测量空间目标的实时性和定位精度,建立了空间目标快速识别与精密定位系统,讨论了空间目标运动特性、快速识别、星像质心计算和天文定位等算法。首先,介绍了空间目标光电观测系统的系统构成和工作原理;深入分析了空间目标在CCD视场中的运动特性,提出了一种空间目标快速识别算法。然后,结合帧间差分法和数学形态学等,完成了空间目标的快速识别。最后,研究了天文定位算法,采用Tycho-2星表,实现了空间目标的精密定位。实验结果表明:空间目标快速识别处理时间约为10ms,实时天文定位处理时间约为25ms,实时天文定位精度优于4″。得到的结果满足空间目标监视技术的实时性好、精度高、稳定可靠等要求。To improve the real-time performance and positioning accuracy of space object surveillance using an optoelectronic telescope,a fast recognition and precise orientation system for space objects was established.The algorithms for the motion characteristics,fast recognition,star centroid computing,and the astronomical orientation of space objects were investigated.The system constitution and working principle of the opto-electric observing system for space objects were introduced,the motion characteristics of space objects in a visible field of the CCD chip were analyzed and a fast recognition algorithm was presented firstly.Then the fast recognition for space objects was implemented by using the frame subtraction and the mathematical morphology.Finally,the astronomical orientation methodwas investigated and the precise orientation of space objects was realized in the usage of Tycho-2catalogue.Experimental results indicate that the average processing time of fast recognition and real-time astronomical orientation for space objects is respectively 10 ms and 25 ms,and the precision of realtime astronomical orientation is less than 4″.It concludes that the results obtained satisfy the requirements of space object surveillance for high real-time,high precision,good stability and reliability.

关 键 词：空间目标 目标识别 天文定位 电荷耦合器件 

分 类 号：V556.5[航空宇航科学与技术—人机与环境工程]