江西钨矿周边土壤重金属生态风险评价:不同评价方法的比较  

Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in surrounding soils of tungsten ores: Comparison of different evaluation methods

作　　者：王斐[1] 黄益宗[2] 王小玲[3] 高柱[3] 余发新[3] 徐峰[1] 保琼莉[2] 胡莹[1] 乔敏[1] 金姝兰[4] 李季[1] 向猛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085 [2]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191 [3]江西省科学院生物资源研究所,南昌330096 [4]上饶师范学院,上饶334000

出　　处：《环境化学》2015年第2期225-233,共9页Environmental Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目(21377152);江西省科技计划项目(20142BAB203026);江西省科学院省级重点实验室开放基金项目(2012-KLB-1和2013-KLB-08)资助

摘　　要：对江西省大余县某钨矿区周边的农田土壤进行调查分析,并采用不同的方法对土壤进行评价,结果表明,土壤As、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni的含量范围分别为15.33—154.65 mg·kg-1、156.29—346.98 mg·kg-1、47.73—277.72 mg·kg-1、19.06—210.24 mg·kg-1和12.00—35.11 mg·kg-1,一些土壤样点的As、Pb、Zn和Cu含量已超过国家土壤环境质量二级标准.利用地累积指数法对土壤进行评价,结果表明土壤均受到As、Pb、Zn、Cu和Ni不同程度的污染;根据CPI(综合污染指数)评价标准,65.7%的土壤处于污染状态;利用TCLP法对土壤生态风险进行评价,结果显示所有土壤并未受到重金属的污染,以内梅罗综合污染指数法对土壤进行综合评价,结果表明该农田土壤重金属生态风险处于安全范围;以潜在生态危害指数法评价,发现Pb、As和Cu达到或超过中等生态风险的样点分别占37.14%、25.72%和2.86%,其他重金属污染风险均属轻微以下.不同评价方法得出的评价结果有差异,人们在评价重金属污染土壤时要根据评价的目的慎重选择合适的评价方法.The ecological risk of soils surrounding tungsten mineral in Dayu country of Jiangxi Province was assessed by different methods. Results showed that the total contents of As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni in soils were 15.33-154.65 mg·kg^-1, 156.29-346.98 mg·kg^-1, 47.73-277.72 mg·kg^-1, 19.06-210.24 mg·kg^-1 and 12.00-35.11 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The contents of As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni in some soil samples were higher than those of the second standard of national soil environmental quality standard. According to the evaluation by geoaccumulation index method, there were different degrees of As, Pb, Zn, Cu and Ni contamination in soils. The results of the assessment by composite pollution index showed that 65.7% of soil samples were polluted by heavy metals. The assessment index based on the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure （TCLP） and Nemrow method showed that farmland soils surround tungsten mine area were safe. The ecological risk index showed that 37.14% of Pb, 25.72% of As and 2.86% of Cu were in or over moderate pollution level and other metals were under slightly pollution level, based on the evaluation by the potential ecological risk index method. Different results were obtained by using different evaluating methods, suggesting that proper caution should be taken before choosing an appropriate soil evaluation method.

关 键 词：钨矿 土壤重金属 地累积指数法 综合污染指数法 TCLP法 生态风险评价 

分 类 号：X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]