紫色丘陵区坡耕地生物埂土壤结构特征及其对入渗的影响  

Soil Structural Characteristics and Its Effect on Infiltration on Sloping Farmland Bio-bank in Purple Hilly Area

作　　者：郭天雷[1] 胡雪琴[2] 黄先智[3] 史东梅[1] 蒋平[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,西南大学水土保持与生态环境研究所,重庆400715 [2]重庆医药高等专科学校医学技术系,重庆401331 [3]西南大学蚕学与系统生物研究所,重庆400715

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第1期36-40,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：重庆市水利局科技项目“重庆市坡耕地水土保持型生物埂-经果林技术应用及示范”(2014);重庆市科委攻关(应用技术研发类I重点)项目(CSTC2013gg-yyjsb20002)“水土保持(合川区)在面源污染中的作用研究”;现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-22)

摘　　要：以紫色丘陵区坡耕地生物埂为研究对象,采用土壤理化分析方法对紫色丘陵区坡耕地桑树埂、花椒埂、紫花苜蓿埂和自然生草埂模式下的土壤结构特征及其对入渗性能的影响进行分析。结果表明：（1）生物埂有效增加了土壤有机质含量,提高了土壤孔隙度,均表现为桑树埂〉花椒埂〉紫花苜蓿埂〉自然生草埂,相比自然生草埂,桑树埂、花椒埂、紫花苜蓿埂有机质含量分别增加了48.6%,45.8%,27.9%。生物埂提高了土壤大团聚体含量,改善土壤的团聚状况,增强了土壤结构稳定性;（2）不同生物埂土壤入渗速率随着时间的增加而逐渐减小,最后均趋于一个稳定值。入渗初期（0-2min）,不同生物埂入渗率最大,桑树埂的初始入渗率最大（1.91mm/min）,分别是花椒埂、紫花苜蓿埂和自然生草埂的1.05,1.28,1.61倍;随着时间的增加,土壤水分含量增加,入渗速率依然呈下降趋势,但下降趋势变缓;30min之后,土壤含水量达到饱和状态,入渗基本保持稳定,即达到了稳定入渗状态。且初始入渗率、稳定入渗率和平均入渗率变化趋势一致,依次为桑树埂〉花椒埂〉紫花苜蓿埂〉自然生草埂;（3）不同生物埂模式下土壤入渗性能与土壤容重呈极显著或显著负相关,与土壤有机质、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度和粒径〉0.25mm水稳性团聚体呈极显著或显著正相关。Taking bio-banks on sloping farmland in purple hilly area as objects,this paper presents a comprehensive analysis of soil structural characteristics and its influences on infiltration in the models of soil bunds with mulberry,Chinese prickly ash,alfalfa and natural grass on sloping farmland in purple hilly area through soil physiochemical analysis.The result shows that：（1）The bio-bank approach increased content of organic matter and soil porosity,which was ranked as soil bund with mulberrysoil bund with Chinese prickly ashsoil bund with alfalfasoil bund with natural grass.Compared with soil bund with natural grass,the content of organic matter of soil bund with mulberry,Chinese prickly ash and alfalfa increased 48.6%,45.8% and27.9%respectively.Bio-bank approach increased the content of soil macro-aggregates,improved aggregate status and strengthened structural stability.（2）Soil infiltration decreased with the time increasing until keeping stable.During the initial infiltration（0-2 min）,the infiltration rate of bio-banks was up to the maximum,and the initial infiltration rate of soil bund with mulberry（1.91mm/min）was 1.05 times of soil bund with Chinese prickly ash,1.28 times of soil bund with alfalfa and 1.61 times of soil bund with natural grass.The infiltration rate still decreased with the time increasing,but the infiltration rate kept stable after30 minutes.A similar varying trends of initial infiltration rate,final infiltration rate and mean infiltration rate for each kind of bund exists,which showing a trend of soil bunds with mulberryprickly ashalfalfanatural grass.（3）Correlations showed that soil infiltration had a significant negative correlation with bulk density,and a significant positive correlations with soil organic matter,total porosity,capillary porosity,noncapillary porosity and 0.25 mm water stable aggregate.

关 键 词：生物埂 土壤结构特征 入渗 坡耕地 紫色丘陵区 

分 类 号：S152.4[农业科学—土壤学]