刚性植被空间配置模式对坡面流水动力学特性的影响  

Impact of Spatial Configuration Mode of Rigid Vegetation on Overland Flow Dynamics

作　　者：杨坪坪 张会兰[1] 王玉杰[1] 王云琦[1] 王彬[1] 刘昀东[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学,水土保持与荒漠化防治教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第1期90-95,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51309006);高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20130014120022)

摘　　要：通过室内人工模拟不可入渗光滑下垫面径流冲刷试验,讨论了5种刚性植被空间配置模式(行状、品字状、上部密集型、下部密集型、随机型及裸坡对照)的坡面水动力学特性。试验共在10组流量(0.2,0.3,0.4,…,1.1L/s)下冲刷,结果表明:植被的配置对坡面流水动力学参数影响显著。各刚性植被对坡面流流速抑制最大的是品字状的配置(平均流速0.689m/s),效果最差的是下部密集型的配置(平均流速0.568m/s)。坡面流阻力最大的是品字状配置(f=1.181)。各种配置类型下坡面流流态为过渡流-紊流态,配置模式不同对雷诺数影响远远小于流量对雷诺数影响。各配置模式下水深与流量的关系呈显著线性正相关(R2>0.99),流速随流量的变化关系为对数增加(R2>0.9),雷诺数与流量呈线性增加(R2>0.98),弗汝德数随流量的增加呈对数减少的趋势(R2>0.88)。This study was carried out runoff scouring experiment in smooth and un-infiltration surface through artificial simulation,5different vegetation configuration modes（include strip,stagger,upper-intensive,bottom-intensive,random and bare slope）of gentle slope（5°）were discussed.The experiment was carried out under 10discharge（0.2,0.3,0.4,…,1.1L/s）,the result showed that vegetation configuration mode had significant effects on slope flow hydrodynamics.The stagger rigid vegetation configuration mode had the best inhabitation on flow velocity（average velocity was 0.568 m/s）,yet the worst was bottom-intensive configuration mode（average velocity was 0.633 m/s）.The maximum slope flow resistant was stagger configuration（f=1.181）.The slope flow was transition-turbulence flow of all vegetation configuration modes.The effect of different vegetation configuration mode was far less than discharge.In all configurations,the relationship between flow depth and discharge showed a linear positive correlation significantly（R20.99）.The relationship between flow velocity and discharge showed a logarithmic positive correlation（R^2〉0.9）.The relationship between Reynolds number and discharge showed a linear positive correlation significantly（R^2〉0.98）.The relationship between Fraud number and discharge showed a logarithmic negative correlation（R^2〉0.9）.

关 键 词：坡面流 刚性植被 空间配置模式 水动力学特性 

分 类 号：S715[农业科学—林学]