施肥水平与耕作模式对紫色土坡耕地地表径流磷素流失的影响  

Effect of Fertilizer Levels and Tillage Methods on Phosphorus Loss in Purple Soil Area

作　　者：闫建梅[1] 何丙辉[1] 田太强[1] 乌静淳 杨牧青 梁艳玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院/三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第1期132-136,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：农业部公益性行业科研专项(201003014-6-3);国家自然科学基金项目(40971166);重庆市重大科技专项(CSTC2009AB1115);西南大学生态学重点学科"211工程"三期建设项目

摘　　要：通过设置顺坡耕作对照(CK)、顺坡耕作农家肥和化肥配合施用(T1)、顺坡耕作单施化肥(T2)、顺坡耕作单施化肥增量(T3)与横坡垄作单施化肥(T4)处理,对不同施肥水平与耕作方式下坡面产流特征、磷素流失量以及作物生物量、氮磷吸收量进行了长期(2008—2012年)定位观测。结果表明:不同施肥、耕作处理间产流量、磷素流失量差异均达到显著性水平,不同施肥与耕作下产流量、TP、TDP流失量均以不施肥处理最大,不同施肥处理产流量依次为CK>T3>T2>T1>T4,T1、T2、T3比对照处理产流量分别减少35.69%,29.63%,16.82%,T4比T2处理减少25.94%;TP流失量依次为CK>T3>T2>T1>T4,与对照相比,T1、T2、T3处理分别较CK减少33.33%,31.25%,25%;TDP流失量依次为CK>T3=T2>T1>T4,T1、T2、T3处理分别较对照减少30%,20%,20%,T4处理TP、TDP流失量比T2处理分别减少34.52%,24.72%。磷素流失以颗粒态为主,TDP/TP年均仅为26.41%。施肥与耕作对紫色土区作物生物量、氮磷吸收量均有显著性的影响,对照处理作物生物量、氮磷吸收量均低于其他施肥处理,施肥处理有助于增加作物生物量和氮磷的吸收量。相关分析表明:作物生物量、氮磷吸收量与径流量、TP、TDP均呈负相关关系,说明作物地上部分生物量越大,氮磷的利用率越高,坡面产流量和土壤养分的流失就越少。施肥能够很好地控制径流磷素的流失,以横坡垄作、农家肥和化肥配合施用最佳。The phosphorus loss and crop biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were studied by in treatments of CK,combined application of manure and fertilizer（T1）,chemical fertilization（T2）,chemical fertilizer with increasing fertilization（T3）,contour plowing with chemical fertilizer（T4）in 2008-2012.Results showed that there was a significant influence of runoff and phosphorus loss on different fertilizer application levels and tillage methods,the runoff,total phosphorus（TP）and total dissolved phosphorus（TDP）loss in the control group（CK）were the largest,the runoff in different fertilizer application levels and tillage methods was in the sequence：CK〉T3〉T2〉T1〉T4,The loss amount of the runoff in T1,T2 and T3decreased by 35.69%,29.63%,16.82%,respectively,compared with the loss amount of the runoff in CK.T4 than T2treatment reduced by 25.94%.The loss amount of the r phosphorus in T1,T2 and T3decreased by 33.33%,31.25%,25%,compared with CK.The loss amount of the total dissolved phosphorus（TDP）in T1,T2 and T3decreased by 30%,20%,20%,compared with CK.the loss TP and TDP of T4 than T2decreased by 34.52%,34.52%,respectively.Phosphorus loss was given priority to with particle state,the total dissolved phosphorus accounted for the proportion of total phosphorus was 26.41%,Fertilization and cultivation had a significant impact on plant biomass,nitrogen and phosphorus uptake.The plant biomass,nitrogen and phosphorus uptake of CK were less than other treatments,fertilizationtreatment could increase the absorption of crop biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus.Correlation analysis showed that crop biomass and nitrogen and phosphorus uptake were negatively related with runoff TP and TDP,that indicate the greater aboveground biomass crops,the higher utilization of nitrogen and phosphorus,less loss of slope runoff and soil nutrients.The fertilizer could well control loss of runoff phosphorus,with contour plowing with chemical fertilizer and combined application of manure and fertilizer best.

关 键 词：施肥水平 耕作模式 产流 磷素流失 紫色土 

分 类 号：S157.4[农业科学—土壤学]