不同生态修复措施对黄土丘陵区典型草原土壤水分时空变异的影响  

Influence on Spatial and Temporal Variation of Soil Moisture of Type Steppe Under Different Ecological Restoration Measures in Hilly Area of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：韩丙芳[1] 马红彬[2] 沈艳[2] 马非[2] 赵菲[2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心,银川750021 [2]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地,银川750021

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2015年第1期214-219,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31001032,31360582)

摘　　要：以天然草地上整地5a后的水平沟和鱼鳞坑、封育5a后的草地为研究对象,在不同恢复措施的上坡、中坡和下坡设置3个观测样地,每个样地设置5个水分测定点,测定了宁夏黄土丘陵区本氏针茅(Stipa bungeana)典型草原0-200cm土壤水分含水率季节动态和垂直变化。结果表明:土壤水分的变化可分为3-6月土壤水分强烈蒸发丢失期,7-9月土壤水分蓄积期,10-12月土壤水分缓慢蒸发期;土壤水分表现为水平沟含水率最高,鱼鳞坑居中,封育草地最低,水平沟和鱼鳞坑增加土壤水分的主要时间在雨季;3种措施下,土壤水分较大变异值集中在0-60cm土层,0-40cm土壤水分变异以封育草地最大,水平沟最低,40-100cm土壤水分变异以鱼鳞坑最高,水平沟最低,而100-200cm土壤水分变异以封育草地最低;不同时期土壤水分的垂直变化存在差异,0-40cm土壤水分含量与40-100cm的差异在7-9月份最为明显。封育草地随坡位降低含水率呈显著增加趋势,但鱼鳞坑和水平沟无此明显规律。Spatial and temporal variation of soil moisture of Stipa bungeana type steppe under ecological restoration measures including being ungrazed,fish-scale pits and parallel ditches in hilly area of the Loess Plateau in Ningxia were studied.Object of studies were parallel ditches and fish-scale pits and grass land being ungrazed before five years in nature grassland,each restoration measure set three observing sample plots in upslope,mesoslope and downgrade respectively,and each observing sample plot set five moisture determination plots,where seasonal dynamics and vertical change of water moisture in the soil depth of 0-200 centimeter were measured.The results showed that soil moisture changes could be divided into three stages including soil moisture strong evaporation period from March to June,soil moisture accumulation period from July to September,and soil moisture slow evaporation period from October to December.The soil moisture of parallel ditches was the highest,of fish-scale pits was higher,and of being ungrazed grassland was the lowest.The main period of increasing soil moisture in parallel ditches and fish-scale pits was rainy season.Under three measures,larger variation of soil moisture focused on soil of 0-60 centimeter,soil moisture variation of 0-40 centimeter was the biggest in ungrazed grassland,was the minimum in parallel ditches.Soil moisture variation of 40-100 centimeter was the biggest in fish-scale pits,was the minimum in parallel ditches.But soil moisture variation of 100-200 centimeter was the minimum in ungrazed grassland.Soil moisture vertical variations of different periods existed differences,differences of soil moisture between 0-40 centimeter and 40-100 centimeter were obvious during July to September.Soil moisture was significantly increasing with slope position lowering in ungrazed grassland,but the law was not obvious in fish-scale pits and parallel ditches.

关 键 词：黄土丘陵区 生态修复 典型草原 土壤水分 时空变异 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学] S152.7[农业科学—畜牧学]