沙坡头自然保护区土壤水力侵蚀时空变化研究  

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Soil Erosion in Shapotou Reserve in China

作　　者：王亚慧[1] 王文瑞[1] 王伟伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院/干旱区气候变化与水循环研究中心,兰州730000

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第1期11-16,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：环保公益性行业科研专项"干旱沙漠自然保护区生态稳定性评估与社会服务功能研究"(201209034)

摘　　要：我国干旱荒漠区由于降雨强度大、周期短,存在着一定程度的水土流失风险。以腾格里沙漠东南缘的宁夏沙坡头国家级自然保护区1990—2011年的土壤水力侵蚀为研究对象,试图理解干旱荒漠区土壤水力侵蚀状况及动态变化规律。基于中国水土流失预报模型,在当地现有土壤类型数据、GDEM数据和TM影像等基础上对该区1990年、2002年、2011年三年的土壤水力侵蚀计算并进行了分析。结果表明：沙坡头保护区土壤水力侵蚀模数最高可达39 066.02t/（km^2·a）;在时间尺度上,1990—2002年该区土壤水力侵蚀强度基本不变,而2002—2011年明显降低,表明该区域的人为活动导致水域、用材林和栽培作物面积的增加可促使水土流失减弱;在空间上,裸地、低植被覆盖度地区以及坡度为8°～25°地区水力侵蚀相对更明显。The high intensity and short duration of the rainfall events in arid desert region would lead to acute erosion risk.This paper demonstrated the evolution of soil erosion by rainfall from 1990 to 2011as a case of Shapotou National Nature Reserve of Ningxia that is located in edge of southeast of Tengger Desert.Based on the agrotype mapping,GDEM and Landsat TM data,the water erosion in the 1990,2002 and 2011years was evaluated by using Chinese soil loss equation model.Results showed that the water erosion module in Shapotou Reserve reached up to 39 066.02t/（km^2·a）,which is considerable volume even though less than the wind erosion.From 1990 to 2002,the water erosion intensity remained almost stable,but from 2002to2011,the value dropped sharply,this evolution change indicated that the increased water,timber reforestation and farmland which were associated with human activities resulted in a lower density of water erosion.There were also significant spatial differences of water erosion in Shapotou Reserve,the value in the bare area,lower vegetation coverage area and the slope of 8°～25°was significantly higher than that in other areas.

关 键 词：水土保持 水力侵蚀 中国水土流失预报模型 土地覆被 沙坡头 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]