黄土高原不同生态类型区果园地土壤肥力特征综合评价及其区域差异特征研究  

Regional Differences in Soil Nutrient Contents of the Typical Apple Garden of the Loess Plateau

作　　者：居玛汗.卡斯木 张丽娜[1] 范鹏[1] 曹裕[2] 李军[2] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学农学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2015年第1期316-323,共8页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31071374)

摘　　要：以黄土高原典型苹果园地为研究区域,采用野外调查与试验分析相结合的方法,选取6个土壤养分指标:有机质、全氮、速效磷、全磷、速效钾和全钾,应用多元统计分析方法,分析了黄土高原典型苹果园地3个区段(陕西凤翔、陕西长武、陕西延安)0—300cm土壤剖面层土壤养分含量的分布特征及差异性。结果表明:不同苹果产区土壤养分含量差别明显,3个试点各类果园0—300cm土层土壤全氮含量平均值,全磷含量平均值、速效磷含量平均值、全钾含量平均值、速效钾含量平均值由大到小依次为凤翔>长武>延安;长武>凤翔>延安;长武>凤翔>延安;凤翔>长武>延安;长武>凤翔>延安。不同苹果产区果园0—300cm土层土壤氮磷钾全量和速效量剖面分布特征类似,除全钾和速效氮外其余养分全量和速效量剖面分布具有明显"表层积聚效应。长武和延安的0—300cm土层土壤有机质含量的剖面分布特征类似,没有明显的垂直分层现象而凤翔0—100cm土层速效钾含量随土层加深而迅速降低,100—200cm土层内有机质含量的剖面含量没有明显的变化。陕西长武地区土壤养分指数为0.24比陕西凤翔地区(0.23)的高;陕西凤翔地区养分指数(0.23)比陕西延安地区的(0.22)高。针对不同区域果园土壤养分含量差异,提出果园施肥建议:凤翔果园应该增施有机肥和氮肥,增施钾肥。长武果园增施有机肥,氮磷钾肥配合施用。延安地区土壤养分状况最差,应加大施肥力度,增施有机肥,氮磷钾肥配合施用,实行平衡施肥。In this study,field investigation and laboratory analyses were carried out to gain a comprehensive insight into five kinds of soil nutrients（organic matter,total nitrogen,available phosphorus,total phosphorus,available potassium and total potassium）in three sections of the typical apple gardens in Fengxiang,Changwu,Yan′an of the Loess Plateau.Multivariate statistical analysis method was used to study the characteristics of nutrient distribution in soil profile（0—300cm）in different sections of the northern slope of the Loess Plateau.According to the standard of the Second National Soil Survey,variation characteristics of fertility and nutrient contents of different soil profiles in the sections were analyzed.Variations in soil nutrient contents were also clarified.Furthermore,quantitative comparison of nutrient contents among different sections was performed.The results showed that the contents of soil nutrients in different apple production areas had obvious differences.The orders of the average value of soil total nitrogen contents,the average value of total phosphorus contents,the average content of available phosphorus,the average value of the total potassium contents,the average value of available K contents were Fengxiang〉Changwu〉Yanan,Changwu〉Fengxiang〉Yanan,Changwu〉Fengxiang〉Yanan;Fengxiang〉Changwu〉Yanan,Changwu〉Fengxiang〉Yanan,respectively.The soil nutrient parameters of the orchards of the counties presented similar profile distribution.All the total nutrient and available nutrient contents except the potassium totals andavailable nitrogen contents of all the orchards of the counties presented the obvious effect of surface enrichment.The nitrogen,phosphorous and potassium contents of the orchards were higher in top soil than in deep soil.In the soil profile of the 0—300cm,soil organic matter content distribution similar in Changwu and Yanan,no vertical stratification phenomenon was found,and available potassium content in 0—100cm soil layer declines with the increase o

关 键 词：黄土高原 典型苹果园 区域差异特征 土壤肥力特征综合评价 

分 类 号：S158[农业科学—土壤学]