我国2004年-2012年乙型病毒性肝炎疫情分析  

Epidemic analysis of hepatitis B in China during 2004-2012

作　　者：姜慧芬[1] 陈卓[1,2] 方任华 姜立民[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江省肿瘤医院检验科,浙江杭州310022 [2]浙江省医学科学院病毒病研究所,浙江杭州310013

出　　处：《中国卫生检验杂志》2015年第3期408-411,共4页Chinese Journal of Health Laboratory Technology

基　　金：浙江省科技计划项目(2008F0322)

摘　　要：目的分析我国2004年-2012年乙肝疫情的流行病学特征,为预防控制乙肝提供建议。方法用Excel 2007软件对全国乙肝疫情数据资料进行整理,采用描述流行病学方法,对乙肝流行情况和分布特征进行分析。结果 2004年-2012年乙肝疫情处于高发状态,全国累计报告乙肝发病数为9767979例,占肝炎总发病数的81.32%,报告发病率范围为70.50/10万-89.00/10万,平均发病率为82.10/10万;发病没有明显的季节高峰;各地均有乙肝病例报告,年均发病率居前3位的是青海、甘肃、新疆,最低的是西藏;发病以青壮年为主,20岁-39岁报告病例占乙肝总病例数的46.69%,0岁-14岁年发病率维持在较低水平且明显低于其他年龄组;报告病例男女性别比为1.83∶1;报告病例职业构成中农民、工人和学生最多。结论我国乙肝处于高发状态,确保新生儿乙肝疫苗的高接种率,推广重点人群的疫苗预防接种,才能有效遏制乙肝的高流行状态。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in China during 2004- 2012 so as to provide basis for the prevention and control. Methods By using Excel 2007 software,the incidence data of hepatitis B in China during2004- 2012 was analyzed and described for the disease situation including epidemic situation distributions. Results During2004- 2012,hepatitis B epidemic was at the high prevalence state,and totally 9767979 cases of hepatitis B incidence were reported,accounted for 81. 32% of the total cases of hepatitis. The yearly incidence rate fluctuates between 70. 50 /100 000 to89. 00 /100000 with the average rate of 82. 10 /100000. No significant seasonal feature was noticed. Hepatitis B cases were mainly happened in all region,and higher incidence rate was reported in Qinghai,Gansu and Xinjiang,the lowest was in Tibet.Mainly cases happened in the young and middle- aged,and that accounting for 46. 69% in 20- 39 years old group. In 0- 14 years old age group annual incidence maintained at low levels,and significantly lower than other age groups. The incidence in male was higher than that in female（ 1. 83 ∶ 1）,and Most of the patients were peasants,student and workers. Conclusion Hepatitis B epidemic is at the high prevalence state in China's Mainland. Prevention and control should be strengthened,ensuring high inoculation rate of hepatitis B vaccine in newborn,further promoting immunization coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccine in the focus groups,to effectively control the high prevalence of hepatitis B state.

关 键 词：乙型肝炎 流行病学特征 分析 

分 类 号：R512.62[医药卫生—内科学]