不同氮肥用量对滇池柴河流域蔬菜地土壤氨挥发及作物产量的影响  

Effect of Different Nitrogen Fertilizer Amount on Soil Ammonia Volatilization and Crop Yield at Vegetables Field in Chaihe Basin of Dianchi Lake

作　　者：吴腾超[1] 蓝增全[1] 胡正义[2] 王惠惠[2] 朱晓琦[2] 

机构地区：[1]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,云南昆明650224 [2]中国科学院大学资源与环境学院

出　　处：《现代农业科技》2015年第3期205-208,共4页Modern Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07102-003);国家攻关项目(207203)

摘　　要：为探明滇池柴河流域地区蔬菜地氨挥发损失规律,以昆明市晋宁县典型蔬菜地为研究对象,基于3种蔬菜(荷兰豆、西葫芦和甜玉米)的氨挥发损失监测试验,研究不同氮肥用量下土壤氨挥发损失情况。结果表明:氨挥发量与施氮量呈正比;不同施氮量在施肥初期,氨挥发速率均较高;相同施氮水平下氨挥发累积量荷兰豆>西葫芦>甜玉米。各施氮处理下3季作物产量相近,无显著性差异,因此减少20%施氮量对该地区蔬菜产量无显著影响,并可减少氨挥发损失约44.87 kg/hm2,说明减少施氮量是在稳产的情况下滇池柴河流域减少氨挥发损失的重要方法,对改善环境和提高农业生态文明程度等具有极其重要的意义。To explore the level of ammonia volatilization loss of vegetables field in the Chaihe Basin of Dianchi Lake,taking kunming typical vegetables field in Jinning County as the research object,based on the ammonia volatilization loss of three kinds of vegetables（snow peas,squash and sweet corn）,the ammonia volatilization loss under the condition of the different nitrogen fertilizer amount was studied.Results showed that,ammonia volatilization amount was proportional to nitrogen fertilizer amount,the ammonia volatilization rate was high at the beginning of the different nitrogen fertilizer amount,ammonia volatilization accumulation was snow peas〉squash〉sweet corn in the same nitrogen fertilizer amount,there was no significant difference between the three seasons of crop yield under different nitrogen fertilizer amount treatments,therefore,20%reduction on nitrogen fertilizer amount had no obvious effect on vegetable production in this region,and could reduce the ammonia volatilization about 44.87 kg/hm^2,thus,decreasing nitrogen fertilizer application was an important way to reduce ammonia volatilization loss under the premise of the crop yield was stable.It is meaningful to improve the environment condition and agricultural ecological civilization degree.

关 键 词：蔬菜地 氮肥用量 氨挥发 产量 滇池柴河流域 

分 类 号：S143.1[农业科学—肥料学]