高原救生固体化学氧气发生器的研制  

Study on solid chemical oxygen generator for survival in the plateau

作　　者：周兴明[1] 邓略[2] 王兴伟[2] 胡晓[1] 周海亮[2] 毛胜华[1] 毛龙[1] 张毅[1] 向进[1] 陈立雄[1] 谢弘[1] 罗永昌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国航天科技集团公司四院四十二所,湖北省襄阳441003 [2]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2014年第3期198-202,共5页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

基　　金：全军后勤科技“十二五”重大项目（ANJ11J005）

摘　　要：目的 研制可用于高原环境、便于携带和使用的固体化学氧气发生器（简称固氧）,供氧量为120 L,供氧流量＞1.5 L/min,供氧时间30 min,使用环境温度为-40～50℃. 方法 根据氯酸盐燃烧分解产氧原理设计高原救生固氧的结构,设计4种不同配方的固氧药柱.配方1：91％产氧剂＋3％金属粉＋2％催化剂＋4％抑氯剂;配方2：91％产氧剂＋5％金属粉＋4％抑氯剂;配方3：前部91％产氧剂＋5％金属粉＋4％抑氯剂,后部91.5％产氧剂＋4.5％金属粉＋4％抑氯剂;配方4：前部88％产氧剂＋5％金属粉＋4％抑氯剂＋3％稳定剂,后部88.5％产氧剂＋4.5％金属粉＋4％抑氯剂＋3％稳定剂.在高、低、常温3种不同状态下对4种配方的供氧时间、流量等性能进行测试,并对固氧所产氧气质量进行净化研究.选取2名健康志愿者作为高原环境实际应用试验对象,观察其在不同高度使用固氧后血氧饱和度的变化. 结果 配方3和配方4的产氧性能均能满足指标要求,配方4供氧性能更稳定,温度敏感系数更低.固氧所产气体成分均能满足标准和规范.2名受试者在4 939m高原使用固氧产品后血氧饱和度均达到了90％以上. 结论-40～50℃环境条件下能正常工作30 min的固氧,可满足高原救生供氧使用要求.降低催化剂含量,提高金属粉用量,药柱中加入稳定剂有助于稳定固氧的产氧速度.1支30 min固氧可同时满足2人吸氧并保证吸氧效果,达到了高原缺氧防护的目的.Objective To develop a plateau lifesaving used solid oxygen generator with such performances as 120 L oxygen delivery capacity,1.5 L/min minimum flow supply,30 min working time and-40℃ to 50℃ working temperature.Methods The structure of oxygen generator for plateau lifesaving was developed based on chlorate combustion and decomposition reaction.Four formulas of oxygen candle were designed.Formula 1：91% oxygen source ＋30% metal powder ＋2% catalyst ＋4% inhibitor of chlorine; formula 2：91% oxygen source ＋5% metal powder ＋4% inhibitor of chlorine; formula 3：91% oxygen source ＋ 5 % metal powder ＋ 4 % inhibitor of chlorine in foreside,91.5% oxygen source ＋4.5% metal powder ＋4% inhibitor of chlorine in tail; formula 4：88% oxygen source ＋ 5% metal powder ＋ 4% inhibitor of chlorine ＋ 3% stabilizer in foreside,88.5% oxygen source ＋4.5% metal powder ＋4% inhibitor of chlorine ＋-3% stabilizer in tail.The oxygen supply performances,such as working time,flow rate,etc.of generator were respectively measured under low,normal and high temperature.The oxygen purification produced from the generator was studied.Two healthy volunteers were selected as the subjects.Their oxygen saturation change （SaO2） was observed at different altitude after they used solid oxygen generator.Results The performance of solid oxygen generator with formula 3 and 4 met the demands of specifications and standards.The oxygen supply performances of formula 4 were more stable and sensitive than others.The gas component produced from the solid oxygen generator was all up to the standard.The SaO2 of two volunteers reached 90% or higher at 4 939 m altitude after breathing from solid oxygen generator.Conclusions The solid chemical oxygen generator could meet the demands of plateau lifesaving and withstand-40℃ to 50℃ working for 30 min.Reducing catalytic agent,increasing the proper contents of metal fuel and adding stabilizer agent could stabilize the oxygen produce velocity of oxygen generator.A 30-min solid oxyge

关 键 词：高海拔 缺氧 救生物品 氧气发生器 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]