通用航空的飞行安全与人的因素  

General aviation flight safety and human factors

作　　者：张霞[1] 郑晓惠[1] 吴铨[1] 周晴霖[1] 吴飞飞[1] 黄亚萍[1] 马月欣[1] 王志翔[1] 

机构地区：[1]空军航空医学研究所,北京100142

出　　处：《中华航空航天医学杂志》2014年第3期233-238,共6页Chinese Journal of Aerospace Medicine

摘　　要：目的 回顾分析国外通用航空飞行事故的概况,及其与飞行员性别、年龄、飞行经验等有关的人的因素在飞行事故中所起的相关作用,为我国通用航空飞行安全提供建设性意见. 资料来源与选择 国内外通用航空的飞行安全与人的因素研究领域相关文献. 资料引用 公开发表的文献38篇. 资料综合 介绍美国通用航空飞行事故概况和该领域开展的针对性预防研究工作,分析飞行员性别、年龄、飞行经验和综合因素在通用航空飞行事故发生中的作用,为我国通用航空飞行安全提出建议.通用航空飞行事故中人的因素占首位.男性飞行员的冒险本性,使其发生的致命事故要多于女性飞行员;年龄大的飞行员积累的飞行经验可部分补偿因生理、心理引起的工作能力降低的影响,但其所从事危险飞行任务增加,在飞行管理上需进行完善.此外,气象条件、事故环境、飞行员有酒精、药物滥用史等因素易诱发通用航空飞行事故. 结论 我国通用航空即将迎来飞速发展的阶段,充分借鉴国内外航空医学已有的研究成果和经验,规范通用航空飞行员的医学检查标准和机制,加强对通用航空飞行员的教育和培训,建立完善的事故报告分析体系,将有助于减少我国未来通用航空发展中由于人的因素所导致的飞行事故,提高飞行安全水平.Objective To retrospectively analyze the general aviation flight accidents,and the related role of human factors such as pilot＆#39;s gender,age,flight experience,etc.that played in flight accident as well as to provide constructive advices to China general aviation flight safety.Literature resource and selection Relevant literatures on flight safety of general aviation and human factors published at home and abroad.Literature quotation Thirty-eight published literatures were cited.Literature synthesis U.S.general aviation accident and prevention researches in this area were reviewed,and the roles of pilot＆#39;s gender,age,flight experience and combination of factors in the general aviation accidents were analyzed,and the advices for China general aviation flight safety were put forward.Human factors were accounted as the first factor in U.S.general aviation accidents.More male pilots were involved in fatal accidents than female pilots because of the nature adventure reason; older pilots＆#39; flight experiences might partially compensate their work ability reduction due to physiological and psychological shortages,but with the increased risk potential in flying mission,flight management should be further perfected.In addition,weather and environment conditions,pilot＆#39;s alcohol taking,drug abuse and other factors could contribute to general aviation accidents.Conclusions General aviation of China is about to usher in a stage of rapid development.Learning from domestic and international existing research results and experiences in aviation medicine,specifying medical examination standards and mechanism for general aviation pilots,strengthening the education and training of pilots and establishing a sound system of accident investigation would be fully helpful to reduce China general aviation flying accidents that caused by human factors in future and to improve flight safety level.

关 键 词：事故 航空 安全 性别特性 年龄因素 飞行经验 

分 类 号：R85[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]