老挝地质矿产资源及开发概况  

General introduction of geology,mineral resources and mining exploitation in Laos

作　　者：贾润幸[1,2] 方维萱[1] 隗雪燕[3] 

机构地区：[1]有色金属矿产地质调查中心,北京100012 [2]中色金地资源科技有限公司,北京100012 [3]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083

出　　处：《矿产勘查》2014年第5期826-833,共8页Mineral Exploration

摘　　要：老挝位于我国"三江"成矿带的南延部分,矿产资源丰富。目前已发现有金、铜、铁、铝土矿、钾盐、锡、铅锌、煤等20余种矿产。从老挝主要矿产产出特点可以看出,其成矿时代主要集中在海西—印支期和喜山期。海西—印支成矿期集中了老挝主要铁、有色金属和稀有贵金属矿产,而喜山成矿期集中了老挝主要非金属岩盐、钾盐、石膏、宝石以及部分砂金和砂锡。矿床类型主要为热液型、夕卡岩型、沉积型、砂矿型和风化淋滤型。按照地质背景及岩浆—构造—矿产分布特征可划分为:(1)景洪—会晒成矿带;(2)丰沙里—帕府成矿带;(3)琅勃拉邦—黎府成矿带;(4)桑怒成矿带;(5)川圹—长山多金属成矿带;(6)万象—昆嵩成矿带;(7)孟高—班敦成矿带等7个成矿区带。其中川圹—长山成矿带为老挝最重要的矿产集中区。老挝目前已开发的矿产资源主要有铜、金、锡、煤等,从现有区域成矿特征及矿点分布来看,老挝南部的阿速波省等地区可能为未来最有前景的金矿找矿地区。As the southern part of＂Sanjiang＂metallogenic belt extended from southwesten China into southeast Asia,there are more than twenty different kinds of abundant mineral resources,such as copper,gold,iron,bauxite,potassium salt,tin,lead- zinc,coal and so on in Laos. Main metallogenic periods concentrated in Hercynian epoch,Indo- Chinese epoch and Himalayan epoch,the important mineral resources such as iron,nonferrous metals,rare and precious metals were closely related to the volcanic sedimentation in Himalayan epoch and the magmatic intrusion in Indo- Chinese epoch,and the nonmetallic minerals including nonmetallic salt,potash salt,potassium salt,gypsum,precious stone and placer gold,placer tin were mainly formed in Himalayan epoch. The types of deposits can be divided into magmatic hydrothermal type,skarn type,sedimentary type,placer type and the weathering- infiltration type by deposit genesis. According to the distribution characteristics of mineral resources controlled by geological setting,magmatism and tectonism in Laos,the mineral resources in Laos can be divided into seven metallogenic belts i. e.,Jing- Houayxay metallogenic belt,Phongsaly- Phrae metallogenic belt,Luangphabang- Loei metallogenic belt,Xam- Nua metallogenic belt,Xiengkhuang- Truongson metallogenic belt,Vientiane- Tuniu metallogenic belt and Mengao- Bandon metallogenic belt. Among the above- mentioned belts,the Xiengkhuang- Truongson metallogenic belt is the most important zone of mineral resources in Laos. At present,the main deposits of copper,gold,tin and coal as the important economic incomes in Laos have been mined for many years. In the future,the Attapeu province maybe is the most prospective area for gold exploration in Laos.

关 键 词：成矿区带 矿床类型 矿业开发 矿产资源 老挝 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P618[天文地球—地质学]