驻寒区边防某部军事作业能力调查与分析  

Investigation and analysis of military operation ability of border guards in cold regions

作　　者：张志清[1] 崔博[1] 马强[1] 刘嘉瀛[1] 李曦[1] 王军[1] 李军[2] 杨丹凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]军事医学科学院卫生学环境医学研究所 [2]黑龙江省军区65943部队卫生队

出　　处：《军事医学》2014年第9期675-680,698,共7页Military Medical Sciences

摘　　要：目的调查寒区边防部队军事作业影响因素及对军人军事作业能力的影响,为寒区军事作业能力维护提供依据。方法依据相关标准,采用随机整群抽样法,抽取驻守寒区部队新兵(入伍时间<1个月)和驻守寒区部队老兵(入伍时间>1年),进行寒区军事作业影响因素、体力、睡眠、心理健康及认知能力评估。结果寒冷环境是影响寒区部队军事作业能力的主要影响因素;依据体能标准,该寒区边防部队体能状况处于较差水平;130名新兵的SCL-90总分、阳性均分、阳性项目数、各因子分均显著优于46名老兵和中国军人常模;46名老兵的SCL-90总分、阳性均分、阳性项目数、各因子分与中国军人常模相比,均无显著性差异,老兵的睡眠状况普遍较差,新兵的瞬时记忆能力显著高于老兵(P<0.05);分别来自于东北地区、中部地区和南方地区的新兵SCL-90总分、阳性均分、阳性项目数、各因子分及认知能力均无显著性差异,来自于中部地区和南方地区的新兵睡眠状况较差(P<0.05);从事不同军事任务的老兵中,通信连SCL-90总分、躯体化、强迫、抑郁和焦虑因子分显著高于中国军人常模(P<0.05),通信连士兵的睡眠状况显著差于其他部队的睡眠状况(P<0.05)。结论寒冷环境是影响寒区军事作业能力的主要影响因素。寒区边防部队军事体力作业能力显著低于部队军事标准,应强化寒区部队的军事训练水平。我军心理健康教育开展较好,寒区部队心理健康水平较好。初进寒区和长期驻训可能会对官兵的睡眠产生重要影响,有待于进一步注重睡眠防护措施的开发及相关的基础研究。应强化冬季户外作业较多的寒区部队防护装备研究。Objective To investigate and analyze the military operation ability and influence factors of soldiers along the border in an extremely cold environment and to provide a scientific basis for effectively improving the combat effectiveness of the army stationed the cold regions. Methods According to relevant standards,recruits（ the length of service 1month） and old soldiers（ the length of service 1 year） were randomly selected to investigate their military operation factors,physical condition,sleep condition,mental health and cognitive ability. Results Cold was the main factor which affected military operation capability in cold regions. According to physical standards,border troops were in poor physical condition. Results of SCL-90 showed that the total score,the number of positive items,the score of each factor of the 130 recruits were significantly lower than those of the Chinese army model and 46 veterans（ P 〈0. 05）. There was no significant difference in these aspects between the 46 veterans and Chinese army model. Recruits were in better sleep condition and had better instantaneous memory（ P 〈0. 05）. Birthplace had no effect on these factors. Recruits from Central and South China were in poorer sleep condition than those from cold regions（ P 〈0. 05）. Results of SCL-90 showed that the total score,the factors of somatization,coercion,depression and anxiety of communication veterans were significantly higher than those of the Chinese army model（ P 〈0. 05）. The sleep condition of communication veterans was poorer than that of motorized infantry and patrol veterans（ P 〈0. 05）. Conclusion Cold is the main factorthat impacts the ability of military operations in cold regions. The physical work capacity of border guards in cold regions was significantly below the military standard,so the level of military training should be strengthened. Research on cold-protection equipment for special tasks should be strengthened.

关 键 词：寒带气候 军队人员 军事作业能力 体力作业能力 心理健康状况 认知能力 

分 类 号：R82[医药卫生—临床医学]