2004-2013年玉溪市麻疹病例与人群抗体的监测分析  

Surveillance and analysis of measles cases and the population-level antibody in Yuxi,Yunnan from 2004 to 2013

作　　者：吴强[1] 余庆福[1] 张耀喜[1] 祁昆[1] 马运葵[1] 杨玉仙[1] 王树坤[1] 

机构地区：[1]玉溪市疾病预防控制中心,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《中国微生态学杂志》2014年第8期896-899,共4页Chinese Journal of Microecology

摘　　要：目的监测分析2004-2013年玉溪市麻疹病例与人群血清抗体,为预防控制麻疹提供科学依据。方法对玉溪市2004-2013年麻疹病例进行流行病学调查分析,采集人群血样标本,并用ELISA检测血清麻疹IgG抗体。结果全市共报告麻疹疑似病例1 086例和确诊病例457例,年均发病率为1.99/10万,发病率高峰在每年12月至次年2月,占总病例的43.55%（199/457）,最高发病率（5.11/10万）、最低发病率（0.13/10万）分别在2005和2010年,发病率最高为红塔区5.75/10万,最低为通海县0.65/10万;2004-2008年病例数占83.81%,2009-2013年病例数占16.19%;散居儿童病例占发病数的42.67%,年龄小于14岁病例占78.34%。常住人口、流动人口病例数分别为222例和235例,年均发病率分别为1.06/10万和11.75/10万（χ2=1047.43,P〈0.05）。19 010人群各年麻疹血清抗体阳性率范围是90.06%-97.62%,保护率范围为71.60%-87.72%;麻疹组份疫苗免疫1、2、3和4剂次保护率分别为74.49%、87.38%、87.72%和95.01%（χ2=462.402,P〈0.05）,接种1剂次与2、3、4剂次和2、3剂次与4剂次差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论麻疹病例数总体呈下降趋势,有季节、区域、人群分布差异,增加人群麻疹组分疫苗免疫剂次的策略有预防意义,强化免疫的成本效益值得探讨。Objective To monitor and analyze the measles cases and population-level antibody in Yuxi from 2004 to 2013,and provide scientific evidence for the control and prevention of measles. Methods The epidemiological survey and descriptive analysis of measles cases was conducted. Serum samples from the population were collected,and measles IgG antibody was analysed by ELSA. Results A total of 1,086 suspected and 457 confirmed measles cases were reported from 2004 to 2013; the annual average incidence rate was 1. 99 per 100000. The seasonal peak incidence was from December to February,accounting for 43. 55%（199 /457）. The highest and lowest incidence（5.11/100000,0.13/100000） was in 2005 and 2010,respectively. The incidence（5.75/100000） of Hongta area was the highest,and that（0. 65 /100000） of Tonghai county was the lowest. The cases during 2004 to 2008 and2009 to 2013 accounted for 83. 81% and 16. 19%,respectively. The scattered children cases accounted for42. 67%; the cases with ages under 14 years accounted for 78. 34%. The annual average incidence rates of inhabitant and migrant population were 1. 06 /100000 and 11. 75 /100000（χ2= 1047. 43,P 0. 05）,respectively. The annual average positive rates of serum antibody of 19010 population ranged from 90. 06% to 97. 62%. The average protection rates of serum antibody ranged from 71. 60% to 87. 72%. The protection rates of measles-containing vaccine doses 1,2,3 and 4 were 74. 49%,87. 38%,87. 72% and 95. 01%,respectively（ χ2= 462. 402,P 0. 05）. There were statistical differences in the protection rates between dose 1 and doses 2,3 and 4 as well as between doses 2,3 and dose 4（ P 0. 05）. Conclusion The number of measles cases was declining generally.There were differences in seasons,areas and population in terms of case distribution. The strategies of increasing measles-containing vaccine doses were of preventive values. The cost-effectiveness of measles vaccination needs be enhanced.

关 键 词：麻疹 人群 流行病学 血清抗体 

分 类 号：R511.1[医药卫生—内科学]