新疆地区支气管哮喘控制现状及对疾病认知程度的调查  

Assessment of asthma control in Xinjiang region

作　　者：陈丽萍[1] 陈颖[1] 丛立[1] 杨晓红[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院呼吸与危重症医学科,乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《中国医药》2014年第8期1125-1129,共5页China Medicine

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区卫生厅面向农村和城市社区适宜技术推广项目（20122301）

摘　　要：目的 了解新疆地区支气管哮喘（简称哮喘）控制现状以及各级医院医生及患者对哮喘的认知程度,为新疆持续的哮喘规范化诊治推广工作提供理论依据.方法 对新疆地区56家不同级别医院共485名呼吸内科或内科医师及参加当日哮喘病友会与义诊活动的622例哮喘患者进行哮喘相关知识问卷调查.56家医院中三级医院5家,内科医师37名;二级医院14家,内科医师185名;一级医院19家,内科医师263名.问题涉及哮喘本质、一线控制药物、急性发作首选药物、吸入装置使用方法、哮喘的监测方法及长期管理与教育等.结果 达到控制水平的哮喘患者比例为2.9％ （18/622）,未控制的哮喘患者中合并过敏性鼻炎者占70.3％ （303/431）;认识到哮喘的本质为气道慢性炎症的医师占79.6％（386/485）,患者占32.8％ （204/622）;认识持续期哮喘每日规律使用的一线治疗药物为吸入激素的医师占54.7％（266/485）,患者占26.5％（165/622）;哮喘急性发作首选短效β2受体激动剂急救的医师占47.2％（229/485）,患者占27.7％（172/622）;了解并会使用几种常用吸入装置的医师占42.5％（206/485）,患者占17.8％（111/622）;了解监测方法的医师占37.9％（184/485）,患者占6.3％（39/622）;有16.7％（104/622）的哮喘患者在过去1年中进行过肺功能测定;了解峰流速仪的医师占27.4％（133/485）,拥有峰流速仪的患者占3.5％（22/622）,每日规律使用峰流速仪患者占0.3％（2/622）;为患者制定长期治疗计划的医师占54.6％（265/485）;参加过哮喘教育或培训的医师占52.0％（252/485）,患者仅占19.3％（120/622）.上述问题在一、二级及三级医院间差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）.结论 新疆哮喘控制水平仍较低,应加强基层医师与患者教育的广度与深度,持续大力推广新疆哮喘规范化诊治工作.Objective To evaluate the awareness of asthma among physicians and patients in Xinjiang and current control thof asthma in Xinjiang.Methods A questionnaire of asthma was conducted among 485 physicians from 56 hospitals and 622 asthma patients in Xinjiang.There were 37 physicians from 5 grade 3 hospitals,185 physicians from 14 grade 2 hospitals and 263 physicians from 19 grade 1 hospitals.The questionnaire included asthma essence,first-line medications,the drug of choice for acute attacks,the use of inhalation devices,monitoring methods and long-term asthma management and education.Results Control rate of asthma was 2.9% （18/622） ; combination rate of allergic rhinitis in uncontrolled asthma was 70.3% （303/431） ; awareness of asthma as a chronic respiratory inflammation was 79.6% （386/485） ; the percentage was significantly higher among the physicians from hospital of grade 3 than that among those from hospital of grade 1 and 2 （P 〈 0.05） and 32.8% （204/622）.Among patients,awareness of inhaled corticosteroids as the first line medicines of active-phase asthma was 54.7% （266/485） in physicians and 26.5% （165/622） in patients; awareness of short-acting Beta2 agonist（SABA） as the first aid of acute asthma attack was 47.2% （229/485） in patients and 27.7% （172/622） in patients ; understanding of monitoring methods was 37.9% （184/485） in physicians and 6.3% （39/622） in patients.16.7% （104/622） of asthma patients had lung function determination ; 27.4% （133/485） of physicians recommended peak current meter and 3.5% （22/622） of patients had peak current meter; 0.3% （2/622） used peak meter daily.Developing a long-term treatment plan among physicians was 54.6% （265/485）.These issues mentioned above showed significant differences among grade 1,grade 2 and grade 3 hospitals（P 〈 0.05）.Conclusion Control of asthma is still low in Xinjiang; trainings and awareness should be strengthened among physicians and patients.

关 键 词：支气管哮喘 问卷 长期管理 哮喘控制 

分 类 号：R562[医药卫生—呼吸系统]