从马克思的公平效率观看中国收入分配调整  

The Adjustment of Income Distribution in China Based on Marx's Fairness and Efficiency View

作　　者：王岩[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学经济管理学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010021

出　　处：《改革与战略》2015年第2期21-25,共5页Reformation & Strategy

摘　　要：马克思以商品经济为背景,以劳动价值论为基础,把公平和效率统一在劳动平等基础之上,劳动平等即公平支出劳动和公平交换劳动,并且在此基础之上分配劳动成果。实现劳动平等的条件是,社会成员公平拥有、使用自然资源和生产条件的权利。资本主义商品经济和社会主义商品经济的最大区别在于能否实现劳动平等。在更高层次上,马克思提出享有劳动成果平等,即收入分配和生活水平不存在差距,实现享有劳动成果平等的基本条件是社会全体成员拥有自然资源,充要条件是个人的全面发展、劳动差别消失、高水平的劳动生产力带来物质财富极大丰富。在社会主义阶段,一方面,可以真正实现劳动平等,必要劳动将会扩大自己的范围;另一方面,通过国家对剩余的社会总产品的再分配在一定程度上实现享有劳动成果平等。劳动平等理论为处理初次分配中的公平和效率问题、享有劳动成果平等理论为调整收入结构提供了理论基础和解决问题的思路。Marx with commodity economy as the background, based on the theory of labor value, unified the fairness and efficiency on the basis of equality and equal labor which is fair labor and fair exchange labor and the distribution of the fruits of labor. The conditions of realizing the labor equality is as following： the rights of fair using natural resources and the production conditions of all social members. The biggest difference between the capitalist commodity economy and the socialist commodity economy lies in whether the implementation of labor equality. At a higher level, Marx put forward the equality of the distribution of the fruits of labor, that is, there is not gap between income distribution and living standard. The basic condition of realizing the equality of the distribution of the fruits of labor is that the nature resources belong to all social members, the necessary and sufficient condition is the comprehensive development of people, eliminated the labor difference and rich social wealth. In the stage of socialism, we can realize the labor equality and expand the labor＇s scale, in addition, the government＇s total distribution of social total products can realize the equality of the distribution of the fruits of labor. The theory of labor equality provide provides theoretical basis and ideas to solve the problems in adjusting the income structure and deal with the issue of fairness and efficiency in the first distribution.

关 键 词：收入分配 劳动平等 劳动价值 公平效率 

分 类 号：F126.2[经济管理—世界经济]