马克思恩格斯对亚当·斯密人性论的批判  

Karl Marx and Frederick Engels' Criticism on Adam Smith's Theory on Human Nature

作　　者：郝贵生[1] 

机构地区：[1]天津师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《创新》2015年第2期45-51,127,共7页Innovation

摘　　要：英国古典经济学的主要代表人物亚当·斯密以"人本性自私论"思想作为其全部经济学理论的出发点和逻辑依据。马克思、恩格斯在继承其经济学合理思想的同时,对其糟粕特别是"人本性自私论"思想进行了深入的揭露和批判。马克思、恩格斯认为:"人本性自私论"是把资产阶级的自私本性抽象化为所有人的本性;商品交换的根源不是"人本性自私论",而是社会生产力和生产关系矛盾运动的结果;"人本性自私论"形成的商品交换关系在互利的同时,也必然导致一部分人反对另一部分人的敌对和竞争关系;私人利益是社会所决定的利益,其内容和实现的形式、手段是不以任何人为转移的社会条件所决定的;"人本性自私论"把人与人的全部社会关系简单化为功利关系,实质是剥削关系、金钱关系;实现"人本性自私论"的基本的经济条件就是资本主义的私有制和市场经济;"人本性自私论"形成的所谓"人道主义"是伪善和不道德的;以"人本性自私"为逻辑起点形成的古典经济学实质是资产阶级的经济学。马克思、恩格斯的上述批判思想有极其重要的理论和现实意义。For Adam Smith, a main representative of British classic economics, the thought on selfish human nature is the starting point and logical basis for all his economic theories. While inheriting the reasonable thought of Adam Smith, Karl Marx and Frederick Engels ex-posed and criticized his thought on selfish human nature. They held that the thought on selfish human nature is to generalize the selfish nature of bourgeoisie to all human being; the root of commodity exchange is the result of contradictory movement between social productive forces and production relations instead of the thought on selfish human nature; while commodity exchange relationship based on the thought on selfish human nature brings mutual benefits, it inevitably leads to the result that some people are opposed to hostile and competitive re-lationship of others; private interest is the interest determined by the society, and its contents, forms and methods are determined by social conditions that no one can shift; the thought on selfish human nature simplifies all social relations among human beings into utilitarian re-lationship, and in essence it is an exploitative relationship and money relationship; the basic economic conditions for realizing the thought on selfish human nature is capitalist private ownership and market economy; the so-called humanitarism based on the thought on selfish human nature is hypocritical and immoral; classic economics, with selfish human nature as its logic starting point, in essence is the eco-nomics of the bourgeoisie. The critical thinking of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels is of great theoretical and practical significance.

关 键 词：马克思 恩格斯 亚当·斯密 人本性自私论 社会关系 私有制 资本主义 

分 类 号：F0-0[经济管理—政治经济学]