基于函数型主成分方法对孙杨1500m自由泳比赛中泳速波动特征的研究  

Fluctuation Characteristics of SUN Yang's Swimming Speed Among 1500m Freestyle Competitions Based on Function Principal Component Method

作　　者：杨红春 林辉杰[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江体育科学研究所,浙江杭州310004 [2]台州学院,浙江台州317000

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2015年第2期67-71,共5页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：国家体育总局重点研究领域课题资助(2014B102)

摘　　要：目的:通过观察孙杨1 500 m自由游中阶段泳速及相关参数波动对运动成绩的影响,探讨函数型主成分方法在速度节奏诊断中的应用功效,以及优秀1 500 m自由泳运动员阶段泳速、划频与划距主要波动形式与合理分配模式。方法:通过影像拍摄与解析获得孙杨8次比赛中分段速度、划距及划频,采用函数型主成分分析法识别其主要波动形式,采用皮尔逊相关法量化分析它们与运动成绩的相关性。结果:孙杨1 500 m自由泳阶段泳速、划频与划距各具有3种主要波动形式,其中只有第3种波动形式与运动成绩有显著性相关,相关系数依次为0.68、-0.78、0.82。结论:1)函数型主成分方法是1种能应用于速度节奏诊断、优化、监控的好方法;2)1 500 m自由游优秀运动员阶段速度、划频以及划距曲线"途中前段-结束"阶段间非线性互补波动形式与运动成绩间关系密切,运动成绩较好时这些参数特征被认为是良好竞赛策略、体能分配模式、预期反馈调节能力等表现。Objective： This study aimed at exploring the application of function principal component method in assessing speed rhythm,and the main fluctuation types and reasonable distribution mode of phase swimming speed,pull frequency and pull distance in elite 1500 m freestyle swimmers,by observing the effects of different phases＇ velocity and other parameters of Sun Yang 1500 m freestyle on the performance. Methods： The phases＇ swimming speed,pull frequency and pull distance of eight 1500 m freestyle competitions Sun Yang participated in were obtained by video,and their main fluctuation types were identified by the function principal component analysis,and the correlation between these indicators and the performance were analyzed by Pearson correlation. Results： There were three fluctuation types existing in swimming speed,pull frequency and pull distance of Sun Yang 1500 m freestyle,only the third type was significantly correlated with the performance,and the coefficients were 0. 68,-0. 78,0. 82 respectively. Conclusions： 1） Function principal component is a good method that can be applied to diagnose,optimize and monitor speed rhythm. 2） The nonlinear complementary fluctuation type of the phase swimming speed,pull frequency and pull distance curves among ＂ middle front- end＂ phase in elite swimmers is significantly related with the performance,these parameters are considered to be a reflection of good race strategy,energy distribution pattern,and the anticipative feedback regulation ability.

关 键 词：函数型主成分方法 自由泳 速度节奏 波动特征 

分 类 号：G861.11[文化科学—体育训练]