法院“案多人少”与国家治道变革——转型时期中国的政治与司法忧思  

Problem of “Many Cases but Few Judges” and the Changes of the Way of Governance

作　　者：姜峰[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东大学法学院

出　　处：《政法论坛》2015年第2期25-37,共13页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：国家社科基金"我国法院的非司法负担及其影响(13BFX067)"

摘　　要："案多人少"通常被归为四个原因:1.公民权利意识的增强;2.司法便民措施的采用;3.若干新法的颁行;4.法官数量过少。它们虽不同程度存在,但根本上是公共政治审议机制萎缩、公民缺少诉求表达方式、矛盾纠纷拥堵至司法领域的不同表现。以增加人财物供给和优化内部管理体制为路径的司法改革设计是有局限的。诉讼救济与政治机制不能相互替代,否则会导致二者功能紊乱,造成司法过程与政治过程的双重失灵。缓解法院负担和实现社会管理创新,必须从国家治道变革的宏观视角下予以重新观察,应当通过疏通政治过程,从根本上减少司法负荷。＂Many Cases but Few Judges＂has been a serious problem facing Chinese courts during the past decade. Four usual explanations are trotted out： 1. people have stronger rights consciousness than past and more disputes are being brought to the courts; 2. Individual costs of lawsuits were clearly reduced because courts moves to allow people easier to access judicial services; 3. Some new laws let more disputes be suitable for judicial process; 4. Though the court＇s caseload see heavier,the number of judges has not been increased accordingly. But this article argues that the heavy caseload is caused by the absence of popular control on governmental powers. It is because there is no effective mass control on the government that the public officials tend to harm individual rights. The＂path dependence ＂on judicial process will harm the independence of courts. Therefore,China＇s judicial reform should beyond judicial process and develop political reform such as broadening individual freedom of expression and securing citizen＇s rights to vote.

关 键 词：案多人少 司法改革 政治过程 司法过程 

分 类 号：D920.0[政治法律—法学]