国际人格权侵权法律适用问题之司法协调:从欧盟到中国  

Judicial Coordination Concerning Application of Law Problems on International Infringement of Personality Rights: From EU to China

作　　者：黄志慧[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学

出　　处：《政法论坛》2015年第2期104-119,共16页Tribune of Political Science and Law

基　　金：刘仁山主持的2011年度国家社科基金重点项目<<涉外民事关系法律适用法>实施问题研究>(编号:11AFX016)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：伴随现代传媒业的迅猛发展,国际人格权侵权的法律适用问题日益突出。欧洲法院在"谢维尔案"中所确立的与国际人格权侵权法律适用问题相关的"马赛克准则",既不能避免当事人挑选法院,也未能实现法律适用的确定性。此即表明,欧洲法院的司法协调,并未给国际人格权侵权案件的法律适用问题提供一个妥善的解决方案,同时也反映出在人格权保护和言论自由保障的政策平衡上,欧盟各成员国尚无法达成一致。欧盟关于人格权法律适用之司法协调表明,对于国际人格权侵权问题准据法的确定,应采用"排他式"而非"分配式"方法。在国际人格权侵权法律适用规则中连结点的选取上,传统僵硬的属地性连结点所建构的法律适用规则并不能恰当地完成相互冲突的利益之平衡,应将最密切联系原则作为国际人格权侵权法律适用规则的连结点。我国涉外民事关系法律适用法尽管已有关于国际人格权侵权法律适用之相关规定,但仍有对其进行深刻反思和进一步完善之必要。The problems of application of law on the international infringement of personality rights have been increasingly extrusive with the rapid development of modern media industry. Although the Mosaic Principle which established in Shevill＇s case by ECJ involved the problems of application of laws on the international infringement of personality rights,it can neither fulfill the objective of avoiding the parties＇ forum shopping,nor achieve the target of legal certainty. It not only indicates that the ECJ＇s judicial coordination failed to provide an appropriate solution for the application of law with cases of international infringement of personality rights,but also reflects that the Member States in EU unable to compromise a policy balance between the protection of personality rights and the guarantee of freedom of expression. The judicial coordination made by EU indicated that the determination of the applicable law concerning the international infringement of personality rights should adopt the Exclusive Approach rather than Distributive Approach. As far as the selection of connecting factor in the choice- of- law rules for the international infringement of personality rights,traditional rigidly territorial connecting factor cannot properly balance the conflicting interests,and the principle of the most significant connection should be adopted as the connecting factor of choice- of- law rules for the international infringement of personality rights. Although the Law of the People＇s Republic of China on the Laws Applicable to Foreign- Related Civil Relations has stipulated relevant provision on the infringement of personality rights,there is still a need to make a deep self- reflection and further improvement on it.

关 键 词：“谢维尔案” 人格权侵权 法律适用规则 司法协调 

分 类 号：D998.2[政治法律—国际法学]