从国家理性到公共理性——康德政治哲学的革命  

From Reason of State to Public Reason—— The Revolution of Kant's Political Philosophy

作　　者：许小亮[1] 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学王健法学院,讲师江苏苏州215006

出　　处：《学术月刊》2015年第3期62-73,共12页Academic Monthly

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"法律世界主义研究"(13CFX008)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：康德的公共理性理论不仅具有道德哲学的意义,更具政治哲学的价值,它集中体现了现代政治哲学的核心范畴。康德将公共理性置于启蒙的论域中,凸显出自我与公众作为现代政治哲学的两项根本要素。其中自我的启蒙展现出现代政治哲学的自由价值,公众的启蒙凸显了人民与世界公民的理念。在此基础上,公共理性取代传统的国家理性观念,强调理性的权威,抑制权力的恣意。经由公共理性观念,人民主权观念与普遍人权观念能够得以有效的关联,从而突破现代世俗化进程中所形成的资本-民族-国家体制,形成世界共和国的理念。从国家理性演化为公共理性的概念进程凸显了康德政治哲学的哥白尼革命的典范意义。Kant＇s public reason is not only significant in moral philosophy, but also important in polmcal philosophy, which reflects the core category of modern political philosophy. Discussing the public reason in the domain of enlightenment, Kant highlighted the self and the public as the two basic elements of modern political philosophy. The enlightenment of the self has shown the value of freedom, and the enlightenment of the public has highlighted the idea of the people and citizen of the world. On this basis, the public reason can replace the traditional conception of reason of state, stress the authority of reason, and restrain the arbitrariness of power. With the conception of public reason, the idea of popular sovereignty and universal human rights can associate effectively, thus breaking through the frame of capital - nation - state which is formed in the process of modern secularization, and forming the idea of world republic. The evolution from the reason of state to public reason is the Copernicus revolution in Kant＇s political philosophy.

关 键 词：康德 国家理性 公共理性 政治哲学 

分 类 号：D09[政治法律—政治学]