658例化妆品皮肤不良反应临床分析  

Clinical analysis of 658 cases with cutaneous adverse reactions caused by cosmetics

作　　者：王广进[1] 张虹[1] 亓兴亮[1] 冯帆[1] 李文娟[1] 刘建新[1] 庞静[1] 田洪青[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东省皮肤病性病防治研究所,济南250022

出　　处：《中国麻风皮肤病杂志》2015年第1期8-10,共3页China Journal of Leprosy and Skin Diseases

摘　　要：目的：明确化妆品引起皮肤各种不良反应的特征和致敏物.方法：对658例化妆品皮肤不良反应患者进行临床分析,并对部分患者进行可疑致病化妆品斑贴或光斑贴试验.结果：患者中女性占86.9％;21～45岁占76.7％.临床表现主要为接触性皮炎597例（90.7％）,其他依次为化妆品痤疮15例,化妆品毛发损害5例,化妆品色素异常7例,化妆品甲损害2例,化妆品光感性皮炎5例,另外化妆品激素依赖性皮炎27例.大部分（59.8％）是由护肤类引起,其次为护发美发类（23.3％）、芳香类（7.2％）.308例患者做了可疑化妆品原物斑贴试验,有165例阳性,阳性率达53.6％.部分阳性者行标准过敏原斑贴试验,过敏原阳性比例依次为对苯二胺占18.5％、硫酸镍占14.8％、硫柳汞占13.0％、重铬酸钾占11.1％,芳香混合物、甲醛、卡巴混合物各占7.4％等.结论：化妆品不良反应多发于中青年女性;化妆品接触性皮炎是最常见的化妆品皮肤病;护肤类为主要致病化妆品;标准过敏原斑贴试验阳性者依次为对苯二胺、硫酸镍、硫柳汞、重铬酸钾、芳香混合物、甲醛、卡巴混合物等.Objective： To determine the types of cutaneous adverse reactions caused by cosmetics and reagents identified in the patients. Methods： Clinical analysis of 658 cases with cutaneous adverse reactions caused by cosmetics was performed. Suspicious cosmetics patch test and/or photo-patch test were performed in some patients. Results： About 86.9% of the patients were female and the age in 76.7% of the patients ranged from 21 to 45 years. The most common clinical manifestation was contact dermatitis （597 cases, 90.7% ）, fol- lowed by glucocorticoid dependent dermatitis （27 cases）, pigment abnormalities （7 cases）, acne （15 ca- ses） , hair damage （5 cases） , photosensitive dermatitis （5 cases ） and nail damage （2 cases）. Most cases （59.8%） were caused by the skin care cosmetics, followed by hair care cosmetics （23.3%） and aromatic cosmetics （7.2%）. Suspicious cosmetics patch test was performed in 308 patients and 53.6% of them were positive （ 165 cases）. Some patients with positive results were underwent standard allergen patch test and the common positive allergens were p-phenylenediamine （ 18.5% ） , nickel sulfate （14.8%） , thimerosal （ 13.0% ） , potassium dichromate （ 11.1% ） , aromatic mixture （ 7.4% ） , formaldehyde （ 7.4% ） and Kabbah （ 7.4% ）. Conclusion： Cosmetics adverse reactions occur frequently in young and middle-aged women and cosmetic contact dermatitis is the most common skin disease caused by skin care cosmetics. The common allergens in the standard patch test are p-phenylenediamine, nickel sulfate, thimerosal, potassium dichromate, aromatic mixture, formaldehyde and carba mix.

关 键 词：化妆品 皮肤不良反应 斑贴试验 

分 类 号：R758.2[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学]