2010年中山市城区0～14岁儿童哮喘流行病学调查  

Epidemiological survey of asthma among children aged 0-14 years in 2010 in urban Zhongshan, China

作　　者：黄娟[1] 黄东明[1] 肖晓雄[1] 付四毛[1] 骆翠媚[1] 曾冠[1] 汪叶红[1] 王克明[1] 阮健[1] 郑伯强[1] 黎敏[1] 李岚[1] 崔碧云[1] 黄桂珍[1] 王桂兰[1] 容嘉妍[1] 黄建梅[1] 肖琼清 郭小玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山市博爱医院儿科,广东中山528400

出　　处：《中国当代儿科杂志》2015年第2期149-154,共6页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics

基　　金：卫生部慢病局为项目提供培训基金;首都儿科研究所哮喘防治与教育中心中国疾病预防控制中心环境与健康相关产品安全所为本项目提供方案技术和资金支持;中山市妇女儿童健康促进会;中山市教育局中小学学生保健所对本项目的支持与配合

摘　　要：目的调查2010年广东省中山市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率及治疗现状、特点及高危因素。方法通过随机整群抽样方法,采用2010年第3次全国儿童哮喘流行病学调查问卷,对中山市区内10 336名0~14岁儿童进行调查,了解哮喘患病率、治疗现状及临床特点,并对发病的危险因素进行分析。结果 179人诊断为哮喘（1.73%）,其中男童患病率高于女童（2.25%vs 1.16%,P〈0.01）。经常发作强度以重度最常见（104例,58.1%）;发作类型以缓慢发作最多（110例,61.5%）;病情趋势以逐渐减轻最常见（102例,57.0%）;以换季时发作频率最高（61例,34.1%）;最常见的发作诱因为呼吸道感染（83.8%）;71.5%哮喘患儿使用过吸入糖皮质激素治疗,使用支气管舒张剂患儿占71.5%。多因素logistic回归分析显示,青霉素过敏史、家族过敏史、食物过敏、湿疹、过敏性鼻炎、剖宫产、家居霉斑现象以及出生前后被动吸烟等因素是儿童哮喘发生的独立危险因素。结论中山市城区0~14岁儿童哮喘患病率仍较高,其患病率与性别有关;哮喘的治疗较规范,但仍有待提高;其发生和发作受多种因素的影响。Objective To investigate the prevalence, current treatment, and clinical characteristics of asthma, as well as the risk factors for this disease, among children aged 0-14 years in 2010 in urban Zhongshan, China. MethodsA total of 10 336 children aged 0-14 years were selected from urban Zhongshan by cluster random sampling. The Third National Childhood Asthma Epidemiological Questionnaire 2010 was used to analyze the prevalence, current treatment, and clinical characteristics of childhood asthma, as well as the risk factors for this disease. Results Asthma was diagnosed in 179 cases（1.73%）. The prevalence of asthma in male children was significantly higher than that in female children（2.25% vs 1.16%; P〈0.01）. Of the 179 patients, severe attacks were common in 104 cases（58.1%）, 110 cases（61.5%） had slow onset, 102 cases（57.0%） had gradually relieved conditions, 61 cases（34.1%） suffered from asthma during seasonal transition, and 150 cases（83.8%） developed asthma due to respiratory tract infection. Among all asthmatic children, 71.5% had been treated with inhaled corticosteroids, and 71.5% had been treated with bronchodilator. The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a history of penicillin allergy, a family history of allergy, food allergy, eczema, allergic rhinitis, cesarean delivery, family mould, and perinatal passive smoking were independent risk factors for childhood asthma. Conclusions The prevalence of childhood asthma in urban Zhongshan is on a high level, and is associated with gender. The treatment of asthma has been standardized, but still needs further improvement. The onset of asthma attack is influenced by various factors.

关 键 词：哮喘 患病率 流行病学 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]