野生南荻与芒杂种多倍体诱导研究  

Polyploid Induction on the Hybrid of Miscanthus lutarioriparia×Miscanthus sinensis

作　　者：黄丽芳[1] 殷绪明[1] 杨宇晨[2] 李伟丽[1] 易自力[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]湖南农业大学生物科学技术学院,长沙410128

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2015年第1期50-56,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：863课题(2011AA10020901);美国孟德尔生物技术公司合作项目(SR0373)

摘　　要：用不同浓度秋水仙素处理野生南荻×芒(Miscanthus lutarioriparia×Miscanthus sinensis)远缘杂交后代以诱导产生多倍体,并对变异株进行形态学和细胞学鉴定,以期获得稳定的四倍体植株并分析其生理特性。结果表明:(1)采用秋水仙素加入培养基处理法和秋水仙素溶液浸泡处理法都可获得一定频率的多倍体植株;胚性愈伤组织以0.2%秋水仙素浸泡处理48h的诱变效果较好,四倍体诱导率达8.7%;芽在0.05%秋水仙素培养基中处理15d较好,四倍体诱导率达10.6%;生根苗在0.1%秋水仙素培养基中处理10d较好,四倍体诱导率达11.1%。(2)经体细胞染色体计数,加倍植株染色体数为2n=4x=76,对照植株的染色体数目为2n=2x=38。(3)生长2年的多倍体植株形态、叶片大小、茎粗、茎壁厚、节间等性状表现出巨大性和超亲优势。In this study, the F1 generation from wild Miscanthus lutarioriparia ×Miscanthus sinensis hybridization was used to induce tetraploid and then characterize the morphology,cytology, and physiological property. The results obtained from the experiment showed that： （1）The polyploid plants were produced through treatment in medium or solution supplemented with different concentrations of colchicine. The induction frequency of tetraploid plants was 8. 7% by using the embryogenic callus as material under the treatment of soaking in solution containing 0. 2% （W/V） colchicine for 48 h, and the rate of tetraploid plants induced from bud was 10.6% on the treatment medium with colehicine 0.05% （W/V） for 15 d;The rate of tetraploid reached 11. l ~ from seedling with 0.10% （W/V） eolchicine treatment on the medium for 10 d. （2）The chromosome identification showed that the chromosome number of polyploid is 2n=4x=76, and the wild type plant is 2n = 2x = 38. （3） The polyploid showed better heterobeltiosis under normal growth conditions with higher plant height, thicker shoot and bigger leaves compared to parents.

关 键 词：芒属植物 杂交后代 染色体加倍 秋水仙碱 异源四倍体 

分 类 号：Q813.5[生物学—生物工程]