香樟凋落叶分解对辣椒生长的抑制作用及施氮的缓解效应  

Inhibition of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth of Capsicum annuum and the alleviation effect of nitrogen application

作　　者：陈洪[1] 胡庭兴[1] 王茜[1] 胡红玲[1] 蒋雪[1] 周光良 陈刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学林学院林业生态工程省级重点实验室,四川雅安625014

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第2期457-465,共9页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAC09B05);四川省"十二五"农作物育种攻关项目(2011NZ0098-10)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽试验,研究了香樟凋落叶分解对辣椒生长、生理特性和发育节律的影响及施氮对凋落叶分解效应的影响.试验设置对照（CK,每盆0 g）和每盆25 g（L25）、50 g（L50）、100g（L100）3个水平凋落叶处理,凋落叶分解39 d后开始施氮处理（每盆3.0 g尿素,分6次施入）.结果表明：凋落叶分解明显抑制了辣椒的叶面积、株高、基径和生物量积累,且施用量越大,作用越强,持续时间越长;低量处理（L25）即可使其蕾数在观察期内（分解55~75 d）平均减少88.7%,96 d时的结实植株率减少40%,而中高量处理（L50和L100）下无植株现蕾和结实;各水平凋落叶处理的辣椒光合色素含量与净光合速率（Pn）几乎均低于CK;过氧化氢（H2O2）含量升高,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性升高,丙二醛（MDA）含量仅在高量处理（L100）下显著上升;施氮可明显减轻辣椒生长发育受抑制的现象,各凋落叶处理的辣椒叶面积在施氮后52 d,株高、基径、生物量在施氮后83 d几乎恢复至CK水平,现蕾和结实率也得以明显提升.Effects of decomposing leaf litter of Cinnamomum camphora on growth, physiological and phenological traits of Capsicum annuum, and modification of these effects by nitrogen application were investigated using a pot experiment. C. camphora leaf litter was applied at rate of 0, 25, 50 100 g per pot, resulting into four treatments, i.e., CK （the control）, L25, L50 and L100. Nitrogen application was firstly performed on the 39th d of decomposition （3.0 g urea was added to each pot six times）. Leaf area, plant height, basal diameter and biomass production of C. annuum were all inhibited sharply by exposure to the leaf litter, and the inhibition effect increased with the increa- sing leaf litter in terms of both the intensity and the stability. Treated with L25, budding number re- duced by 88.7% averagely during 55th-75th d, and the rate of fructification plant decreased by 40% on the 96th d of decomposition, while neither buds nor fruits were observed when exposed to Ls0 and L10o at that time. Pigment contents and net photosynthetic rate （Pn） were impacted due to leaf litter addition, and malonaldehyde （MDA） was only markedly promoted by L100. Inhibition on growth and development of C. annuum caused by leaf litter decomposition could be alleviated by ni- trogen application. Leaf area treated with leaf litter recovered to the control level on the 52nd d after nitrogen application, and similar results appeared on the 83rd d after nitrogen application for other growth traits. Budding and fructification status were also visibly improved.

关 键 词：香樟 辣椒 化感效应 施氮 发育 

分 类 号：S641.3[农业科学—蔬菜学]