基于景观尺度的城市冷岛效应研究综述  

Impacts of urban cooling effect based on landscape scale: A review

作　　者：余兆武 郭青海[1] 孙然好[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院城市环境研究所城市环境与健康重点实验室,福建厦门361021 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]中国科学院生态环境研究中心城市与区域生态国家重点实验室,北京100085

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第2期636-642,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41471150;41230633);厦门市科技计划项目(3502Z20122001);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAC07B04)资助

摘　　要：城市冷岛效应相对于热岛效应而提出,强调景观规划对于优化城市热环境的功能和途径.本文从景观斑块面积、指数、阈值以及景观格局及其相关性等方面分析了水域、绿地与公园冷岛效应研究进展.分析发现:基于景观尺度的城市冷岛效应在面积与形状指数二者谁具有更为显著的冷岛效应方面存在较大争议,对阈值的辨识还不够深入,并且过多关注景观组成而缺乏关于不同景观配置对冷岛效应的影响研究.水域景观的冷岛效应应该多关注形状、宽度以及位置等的影响,而绿地景观的冷岛效应多关注绿地类型、面积、配置和管理方式等,城市公园的冷岛效应还会受到海拔、人类活动等影响.基于此提出几点建议:以阈值研究为主导,对争议问题进一步探求其形成的原因;强化对时间序列的研究;辨识不同景观格局和景观配置对"冷岛"效应的影响;注重尺度和粒度对冷岛效应的影响研究;加强多学科的交叉耦合.The urban cooling island （UCI） effect is put forward in comparison with the urban heat island effect, and emphasizes on landscape planning for optimization of function and way of urban thermal environment. In this paper, we summarized current research of the UCI effects of waters, green space, and urban park from the perspective of patch area, landscape index, threshold value, landscape pattern and correlation analyses. Great controversy was found on which of the two factors patch area and shape index has a more significant impact, the quantification of UCI threshold is particularly lacking, and attention was paid too much on the UCI effect of landscape composition but little on that of landscape configuration. More attention should be paid on shape, width and location for water landscape, and on the type of green space, green area, configuration and management for green space landscape. The altitude of urban park and human activities could also influence UCI effect. In the future, the threshold determination should dominate the research of UCI effect, the reasons of controversy should be further explored, the study of time sequence should be strength- ened, the UCI effects from landscape pattern and landscape configuration should be identified, and more attention should be paid to spatial scale and resolution for the precision and accuracy of the UCI results. Also, synthesizing the multidisciplinary research should be taken into consideration.

关 键 词：水域景观 绿地景观 公园 城市冷岛 阈值 

分 类 号：P901[天文地球—自然地理学]